Challenge: Obtaining the proper word ordering, called as the prose ordering, from a verse is often considered a task which requires linguistic expertise.
Approach: They propose a word ordering (linearisation) task that ignores the word arrangement at the verse side.
Outcome: The proposed model outperforms current models in word ordering for the translation task in Sanskrit.

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Chandomitra: Towards Generating Structured Sanskrit Poetry from Natural Language Inputs (2026.eacl-long)

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Challenge: Large language models are capable of creative generation tasks but prominently for high-resource languages.
Approach: They propose to use large language models for structured poetry generation in Sanskrit . their constrained decoding method achieves 99.86% syntactic accuracy .
Outcome: The proposed model outperforms the existing model in generating metrically valid Sanskrit poetry.
Building a Word Segmenter for Sanskrit Overnight (L18-1)

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Challenge: Sanskrit word segmentation is challenging due to the issue of Sandhi . digitisation efforts have made the manuscripts available in the public domain .
Approach: They propose a deep sequence to sequence model that takes only the sandhied string as input and predicts the unsandhized string.
Outcome: The proposed model improves on the current state of the art by 16.79% . the system can be trained "overnight" and be used for production .
On the Role of Pre-trained Language Models in Word Ordering: A Case Study with BART (2022.coling-1)

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Challenge: Existing work uses linear models and neural networks for word ordering, yet pre-trained language models have not been studied in word ordering.
Approach: They propose a constrained language generation task using unordered words as input.
Outcome: The proposed model is able to perform better than existing models and proves to be reliable.
Addressing word-order Divergence in Multilingual Neural Machine Translation for extremely Low Resource Languages (N19-1)

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Challenge: Existing studies show that transfer learning works best when the languages are related.
Approach: They propose to pre-order assisting language sentences to match the word order of the source language and train the parent model.
Outcome: The proposed model can improve translation quality in low-resource scenarios by pre-ordering the assisting language sentences to match the word order of the source language and training the parent model.
Free as in Free Word Order: An Energy Based Model for Word Segmentation and Morphological Tagging in Sanskrit (D18-1)

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Challenge: a structured prediction framework is proposed to solve word segmentation and morphological tagging tasks in a free word order language.
Approach: They propose a structured prediction framework that jointly solves word segmentation and morphological tagging tasks in Sanskrit.
Outcome: The proposed model outperforms the state of the art with an F-Score of 96.92 (percentage improvement of 7.06%) while using less than one tenth of the task-specific training data.
Translate First Reorder Later: Leveraging Monotonicity in Semantic Parsing (2023.findings-eacl)

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Challenge: Existing approaches that model alignments between sentences fail at compositional generalization tasks, resulting in a resurgence of such approaches.
Approach: They propose a two-step approach that first translates input sentences monotonically and then reorders them to obtain the correct output.
Outcome: The proposed approach improves compositional generalization over existing models and other approaches that exploit gold alignment annotations.
One Model is All You Need: ByT5-Sanskrit, a Unified Model for Sanskrit NLP Tasks (2024.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Morphologically rich languages are notoriously challenging to process for downstream NLP applications.
Approach: They propose a pretrained model for NLP applications involving the morphologically rich language Sanskrit that outperforms previous models by a considerable margin.
Outcome: The proposed model outperforms tokenized models on established Sanskrit word segmentation tasks and matches the current best lexicon-based model.
TransLIST: A Transformer-Based Linguistically Informed Sanskrit Tokenizer (2022.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Existing approaches to SWS fail when encountering out-of-vocabulary tokens . lexicon driven approaches fail when dealing with out- of-vocal tokens, authors say .
Approach: They propose a novel lexicon-driven shallow parser that takes into account sandhi phenomenon . they propose linguistically informed Sanskrit tokenizer module that encodes character input .
Outcome: The proposed system outperforms the current state-of-the-art system by 7.2 points absolute gain on the benchmark datasets.
Samayik: A Benchmark and Dataset for English-Sanskrit Translation (2024.lrec-main)

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Challenge: Existing Sanskrit corpora focus on poetry and offer limited coverage of contemporary written materials.
Approach: They release a dataset of 53,000 parallel English-Sanskrit sentences . they use spoken content that covers contemporary world affairs and interpretations .
Outcome: a new dataset of 53,000 parallel English-Sanskrit sentences is released . the dataset outperforms existing models trained on older classical-era poetry datasets .
Long-Distance Dependencies Don’t Have to Be Long: Simplifying through Provably (Approximately) Optimal Permutations (P19-2)

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Challenge: Neural models at the sentence level often need to model the interaction between words . however, there is no guarantee that the standard ordering of words is computationally efficient or optimal .
Approach: They propose to use a dependency parse as a proxy for inter-word dependencies in a sentence to simplify the sentence with combinatorial objectives imposed on the sentence-parse pair.
Outcome: The proposed model improves classification accuracy and reduces classification error by 2.0% over the previous state of the art.

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