Challenge: extractive models can obtain sentence-level attention with high ROUGE scores but less readable. abstractive models generate novel words and phrases not copied from the source text.
Approach: They propose to combine extractive and abstractive models to achieve a unified model that generates readable paragraphs with word-level attention.
Outcome: The proposed model achieves state-of-the-art ROUGE scores while being the most informative and readable summarization on the CNN/Daily Mail dataset in a solid human evaluation.

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Abstractive Summarizers are Excellent Extractive Summarizers (2023.acl-short)

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Challenge: Abstractive summarization systems have traditionally been fragmented, limiting the benefits of compatible models.
Approach: They propose three new inference algorithms using sequence-to-sequence architectures to model extractive summarization with an abstractive summmarization system.
Outcome: The proposed algorithms outperform existing models on CNN and Dailymail and show that they are more efficient than existing models.
Multi-Granularity Interaction Network for Extractive and Abstractive Multi-Document Summarization (2020.acl-main)

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Challenge: Existing methods for document summarization use extractive and abstractive representations, but they don't take into account hierarchical structure of document clusters.
Approach: They propose a multi-granularity interaction network for extractive and abstractive multi-document summarization which jointly learn semantic representations for words, sentences, and documents.
Outcome: The proposed model outperforms baseline methods and achieves the best results on the Multi-News dataset.
On Extractive and Abstractive Neural Document Summarization with Transformer Language Models (2020.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: We present a method to produce abstractive summaries of documents that exceed several thousand words . we compare transformer based methods to extractive methods, but extractive models score higher .
Approach: They propose a method to generate abstractive summaries of documents that exceed several thousand words via neural abstractive summary.
Outcome: The proposed method produces abstractive summaries of documents that exceed several thousand words . it is compared with baseline methods, state-of-the-art models and variants of the proposed method .
A Discourse-Aware Attention Model for Abstractive Summarization of Long Documents (N18-2)

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Challenge: Existing abstractive summarization models focus on summarizing sentences and short documents.
Approach: They propose a hierarchical encoder that models the discourse structure of a document, and an attentive discourse-aware decoder to generate the summary.
Outcome: The proposed model significantly outperforms state-of-the-art models on two large-scale datasets of scientific papers.
On the Abstractiveness of Neural Document Summarization (D18-1)

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Challenge: Recent studies show that document summarization systems are abstractive . authors suggest that automated summarizing systems could be improved .
Approach: They propose to use a pure copy system to verify abstractiveness of document summarization systems.
Outcome: The proposed system produces abstractive summaries while being far more efficient.
Extractive Summarization with Text Generator (2024.naacl-long)

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Challenge: Existing extractive systems lack gold training signals, thereby hindering learning of extractive models.
Approach: They propose to use text generators to train extractive summarizers by approximating outputs of abstractive summaries.
Outcome: The proposed method can be used to train extractive summarizers without training . it is shown that the approximated summaries correlate positively with the auxiliary summary outputs.
To Point or Not to Point: Understanding How Abstractive Summarizers Paraphrase Text (2021.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Abstractive summarization models have seen great improvements in recent years, but there is limited understanding of the strategies different models employ and how they relate their understanding of language.
Approach: They characterize how one popular abstractive model uses an explicit copy/generation switch to control its level of abstraction vs extraction . they find that abstractive summarization models lack the semantic understanding necessary to generate paraphrases that are both abstractive and faithful to the source document.
Outcome: The proposed model uses syntactic boundaries to truncate sentences that are often copied verbatim.
Summary Level Training of Sentence Rewriting for Abstractive Summarization (D19-54)

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Challenge: Existing models rely on sentence-level rewards or suboptimal labels to achieve summary-level ROUGE scores.
Approach: They propose a model that extracts salient sentences from a document and paraphrases them to generate a summary.
Outcome: The proposed model improves on CNN/Daily Mail and New York Times datasets.
The Summary Loop: Learning to Write Abstractive Summaries Without Examples (2020.acl-main)

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Challenge: Unsupervised abstractive summarization is important for news headlines and research papers . a novel method that encourages the inclusion of key terms from the original document into the summary is presented .
Approach: They propose a method that encourages the inclusion of key terms from the original document into the summary by a coverage model along with a fluency model.
Outcome: The proposed method outperforms existing methods on news summarization datasets and is competitive with existing methods.
Don’t Give Me the Details, Just the Summary! Topic-Aware Convolutional Neural Networks for Extreme Summarization (D18-1)

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Challenge: Existing approaches to summarize documents are not extractive and require an abstractive approach.
Approach: They propose a novel abstractive model which is conditioned on the article’s topics and based entirely on convolutional neural networks.
Outcome: The proposed model outperforms an oracle extractive system and state-of-the-art abstractive approaches when evaluated automatically and by humans.

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