| Challenge: | Human language is a rich multimodal signal consisting of spoken words, facial expressions, body gestures, and vocal intonations. |
| Approach: | They propose two simple but strong baselines to learn embeddings of multimodal utterances by factorizing the utterant into unimodal factors. |
| Outcome: | The proposed models show that they can be derived in closed form while maintaining simplicity and efficiency during learning and inference. |
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| Challenge: | Existing work on unimodal approaches often lacks dataset biases . we present unimod ablations on three recent datasets in visual navigation and QA . |
| Approach: | They propose unimodal ablations for visual navigation and QA using egocentric vision . they argue that unimodulated models better capture and reflect dataset biases . |
| Outcome: | The proposed models outperform full models on visual navigation and QA tasks with language only on three recent datasets. |
Unsupervised Multimodal Clustering for Semantics Discovery in Multimodal Utterances (2024.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | Existing methods for semantics discovery focus on text, video, and audio, failing to leverage the rich multimodal information in the real world. |
| Approach: | They propose a method to construct augmentation views for multimodal data and use them to perform pre-training to establish well-initialized representations for subsequent clustering. |
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UniS-MMC: Multimodal Classification via Unimodality-supervised Multimodal Contrastive Learning (2023.findings-acl)
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| Challenge: | Existing multimodal fusion methods ignore inter-modality relationship, treat each modality equally, suffer sensor noise, and thus reduce multimodal learning performance. |
| Approach: | They propose a multimodal contrastive method to explore more reliable multimodal representations under the weak supervision of unimodal predicting. |
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mmE5: Improving Multimodal Multilingual Embeddings via High-quality Synthetic Data (2025.findings-acl)
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| Challenge: | Multimodal embedding models encode multimedia inputs into latent vector representations. |
| Approach: | They propose to synthesize multimodal multilingual data using a multimodal large language model . they identify three criteria for high-quality synthetic multimodal data . |
| Outcome: | The proposed model outperforms existing models on the MMEB Benchmark and the XTD benchmark. |
Leveraging Unimodal Self-Supervised Learning for Multimodal Audio-Visual Speech Recognition (2022.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | Existing methods for audio-visual speech recognition use extra data to increase performance . a recent study shows that the use of unimodal self-supervised learning improves performance on multimodal tasks. |
| Approach: | They propose to use unimodal self-supervised learning to train AVSR models on unlabelled unilateral data. |
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MCSE: Multimodal Contrastive Learning of Sentence Embeddings (2022.naacl-main)
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| Challenge: | Existing approaches to learning semantically meaningful sentence embeddings are limited by the complexity of pre-trained models. |
| Approach: | They propose a sentence embedding learning approach that exploits both visual and textual information via a multimodal contrastive objective. |
| Outcome: | The proposed approach improves the state-of-the-art average Spearman’s correlation by 1.7% on a variety of semantic textual similarity tasks. |
Multimodal Unlearning Across Vision, Language, Video, and Audio: Survey of Methods, Datasets, and Benchmarks (2026.findings-acl)
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| Challenge: | Survey aims to identify challenges of multimodal unlearning for vision, language, audio and video . retraining after deletion requests or policy updates is often impractical, survey finds . |
| Approach: | They propose to enable selective removal across modalities while retaining overall utility. |
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Multimodality for NLP-Centered Applications: Resources, Advances and Frontiers (2022.lrec-1)
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| Challenge: | resurgence of multimodal datasets has attracted significant research interest, but there is no comprehensive survey for this task. |
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Multimodal Grounding for Language Processing (C18-1)
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| Challenge: | Recent developments in multimodal processing facilitate conceptual grounding of language. |
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A Probabilistic Model for Joint Learning of Word Embeddings from Texts and Images (D18-1)
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| Challenge: | Existing approaches combine language and perception to infer word embeddings . however, the embeddables produced by such models do not reflect the actual word representations. |
| Approach: | They propose a probabilistic model that integrates linguistic and perceptual inputs to explain observed word-context pairs in a text corpus. |
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