Challenge: Several studies have proposed linguistic models to describe sign languages, but none have succeeded to describe the specificities of SL.
Approach: They propose a linguistic approach to formalize the sign language (SL) they propose to take into account linguistic properties of the SL while respecting constraints of a modelisation process.
Outcome: The proposed model takes into account linguistic properties of the sign language while respecting constraints of a modelisation process.

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Rosetta-LSF: an Aligned Corpus of French Sign Language and French for Text-to-Sign Translation (2022.lrec-1)

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Challenge: a new corpus of french Sign Language (LSF) data is created to support future studies on the automatic translation of written French into LSF, rendered through the animation of a virtual signer.
Approach: They propose to use a French Sign Language corpus called "Rosetta-LSF" it is intended to support studies on automatic translation of written French into LSF .
Outcome: The proposed corpus supports future studies on automatic translation of written French into LSF, rendered through animation of a virtual signer.
A Low-Cost Motion Capture Corpus in French Sign Language for Interpreting Iconicity and Spatial Referencing Mechanisms (2022.lrec-1)

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Challenge: Existing tools for automatic translation of sign language videos into transcribed texts are limited.
Approach: They propose to use deep learning methods to circumvent the use of models in spatial referencing recognition by a 3D skeleton and a software program to capture and post-process the LSF-SHELVES corpus.
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Dicta-Sign-LSF-v2: Remake of a Continuous French Sign Language Dialogue Corpus and a First Baseline for Automatic Sign Language Processing (2020.lrec-1)

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Challenge: Existing research on automatic Sign Language Processing (SLP) has focused on recognizing lexical signs, but other gestural units like iconic structures need to be recognized.
Approach: They propose a public remake of the French Sign Language part of the Dicta-Sign corpus with clean annotations and a Convolutional-Recurrent Neural Network to train and test it.
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Including Signed Languages in Natural Language Processing (2021.acl-long)

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Challenge: Existing research in Sign Language Processing (SLP) rarely explores signed languages . authors urge adoption of an efficient tokenization method and the collection of real-world signed language data .
Approach: They propose to include signed languages as a research area with high social and scientific impact . they review the limitations of current SLP models and identify the open challenges .
Outcome: The proposed model should include signed languages as a research area with high social and scientific impact.
LSF-ANIMAL: A Motion Capture Corpus in French Sign Language Designed for the Animation of Signing Avatars (2020.lrec-1)

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Challenge: Signing avatars are often procedurally animated, resulting in robotic and unnatural movements, which are therefore rejected by the Deaf community.
Approach: They propose to use a French Sign Language corpus to create an avatar that can be edited from motion capture data to create new signs and utterances.
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How to Align Multiple Signed Language Corpora for Better Sign-to-Sign Translations? (2025.naacl-long)

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Challenge: despite the growing need for advanced signing technologies, signed language resources remain scarce.
Approach: They propose a linguistically informed alignment algorithm that matches instances between signed languages . they compare similarities and differences across three signed languages to develop a model .
Outcome: The proposed algorithm performs well on automatic metrics for sign-to-sign translation and generation.
SignAlignLM: Integrating Multimodal Sign Language Processing into Large Language Models (2025.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing (DHH) users increasingly utilize Large Language Models (LLMs), yet face significant challenges due to these models’ limited understanding of sign language grammar, multimodal sign inputs, and Deafic cultural contexts.
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Extending AZee with Non-manual Gesture Rules for French Sign Language (2024.lrec-main)

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Challenge: Currently, Sign Languages (SLs) are under-resourced and are difficult to develop.
Approach: They propose to extend AZee to formally represent Sign Language discourses, but also to animate them with a virtual signer.
Outcome: The proposed model allows to formally represent Sign Language discourses, but also to animate them with a virtual signer.
WLASL-LEX: a Dataset for Recognising Phonological Properties in American Sign Language (2022.acl-short)

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Challenge: Signed Language Processing (SLP) is a major form of NLP, but has been overlooked by the NLP community.
Approach: They leverage existing resources to construct a large-scale dataset of American Sign Language signs annotated with six different phonological properties.
Outcome: The proposed model outperforms existing approaches on signs unobserved during training.
Can Small Vision–Language Models Perform Sign Language Translation? (2026.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have shown strong generalization across multimodal tasks, but their capacity to handle sign language translation (SLT) remains unclear.
Approach: They propose entity- and semantics-aware metrics tailored for SLT to evaluate their performance.
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