Challenge: Existing tools to extract structured textual content from PDFs are essential to enable scientific text mining.
Approach: They propose a PDF-to-XML textual content extraction tool that extracts structured textual contents from scientific articles in PDF format.
Outcome: The proposed tool extracts structured textual content from scientific articles in PDF format while preserving both the textual contents and layout details of the input PDF document.

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VILA: Improving Structured Content Extraction from Scientific PDFs Using Visual Layout Groups (2022.tacl-1)

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Challenge: Recent work has improved extraction accuracy by incorporating elementary layout information, for example, each token’s 2D position on the page, into language model pretraining.
Approach: They propose a method that explicitly models VIsual LAyout (VILA) groups, that is, text lines or text blocks, to further improve extraction accuracy.
Outcome: The proposed methods show that inserting special tokens denoting layout group boundaries can lead to a 1.9% Macro F1 improvement in token classification.
PDF-to-Text Reanalysis for Linguistic Data Mining (L18-1)

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Challenge: In the 1990s, extracting semistructured text from scientific writing in PDF files was largely a computer vision and OCR problem.
Approach: They propose a system for the reanalysis of PDF-extracted text that performs block detection, respacing, and tabular data analysis for linguistic data mining.
Outcome: The proposed system eliminates the extreme verbosity of XML output while leaving important positional information available for downstream processes.
PDF-to-Tree: Parsing PDF Text Blocks into a Tree (2024.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Existing studies try to extract one universal reading order for PDF files, however, some applications, like Retrieval Augmented Generation, require breaking long articles into sections and subsections for better indexing.
Approach: They propose a new task and dataset, PDF-to-Tree, which organizes the text blocks of a PDF into a tree structure.
Outcome: The proposed parser achieves 93.93% accuracy, surpassing baseline methods by 6.72%.
PDFMathTranslate: Scientific Document Translation Preserving Layouts (2025.emnlp-demos)

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Challenge: Prior efforts in translating scientific documents overlooked layouts . PDFMathTranslate is open-source with more than 222k downloads - a record for the first time ever.
Approach: They propose PDFMathTranslate, the world's first open-source software for translating scientific documents while preserving layouts.
Outcome: The work is open-sourced at https://github.com/byaidu/pdfmathtranslate with more than 222k downloads.
Dataset Construction for Scientific-Document Writing Support by Extracting Related Work Section and Citations from PDF Papers (2022.lrec-1)

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Challenge: To augment datasets used for scientific-document writing support research, we extract texts from “Related Work” sections and citation information in PDF-formatted papers published in English.
Approach: They propose to extract text from “Related Work” sections and citation information from PDF-formatted papers published in English.
Outcome: The proposed dataset is based on a previously constructed dataset using only Tex papers and is compared with the existing one.
Hierarchy Builder: Organizing Textual Spans into a Hierarchy to Facilitate Navigation (2023.acl-demo)

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Challenge: Information extraction systems produce hundreds to thousands of strings on a specific topic.
Approach: They propose a method that allows users to consume a large collection of related textual strings in an exploratory mode.
Outcome: The proposed method allows users to consume a large collection of related textual strings in an exploratory mode.
SciREX: A Challenge Dataset for Document-Level Information Extraction (2020.acl-main)

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Challenge: Conventional datasets and methods for information extraction focus on within-sentence relations from general Newswire text.
Approach: They propose a document-level IE dataset that integrates automatic and human annotations to annotate entities and document- level N-ary relation identification from scientific articles.
Outcome: The proposed dataset extends state-of-the-art IE models to document-level IE.
Trafilatura: A Web Scraping Library and Command-Line Tool for Text Discovery and Extraction (2021.acl-demo)

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Challenge: Existing tools for text extraction and web corpus construction are not enough to extract and pre-process web data to meet scientific expectations with respect to text quality.
Approach: They propose a text discovery and extraction tool published under open-source license that allows for main text, comments and metadata extraction while also providing building blocks for web crawling tasks.
Outcome: The proposed tool performs significantly better than other open-source solutions on real-world data and in external benchmarks.
READoc: A Unified Benchmark for Realistic Document Structured Extraction (2025.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Document Structured Extraction (DSE) is a field of document structure analysis that aims to extract structured content from raw documents.
Approach: They propose a benchmark to evaluate document structured extraction systems by converting unstructured PDFs into semantically rich Markdown.
Outcome: The proposed benchmark is based on 3,576 diverse and real-world documents from arXiv, GitHub, and Zenodo.
STAPI: An Automatic Scraper for Extracting Iterative Title-Text Structure from Web Documents (2022.lrec-1)

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Challenge: Formal documents are organized into sections of text, each with a title . but there is no corpus of web documents annotated with titles and prose texts . cnn.com's john mccarthy and daniel mclears are working on a new title-text dataset .
Approach: They propose a first title-text dataset on web documents that incorporates a wide variety of domains to facilitate downstream training.
Outcome: The proposed system outperforms baseline models in terms of title-text identification.

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