Challenge: a recent study has found that central bankers are communicating proactively to economic agents, resulting in a rapid growth of economic literature.
Approach: They examine the affective content of central bank press statements using emotion analysis . they focus on the European Central Bank and the US Federal Reserve Bank .
Outcome: The results show that the ECB and the Fed have strong emotional dimensions . the authors suggest that the use of emotion analysis could reveal latent emotions .

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Challenge: a study of FOMC pronouncements shows how important the FOMC communications are . hawkish-dovish classification is difficult because of the negative connotations of words .
Approach: They propose to use a dataset to classify FOMC monetary policy stances . they construct a measure of monetary stance for the FOMC document release days .
Outcome: The proposed model is based on a best-performing model and is available on Huggingface and GitHub under CC BY-NC 4.0 license.
Persona-E²: A Human-Grounded Dataset for Personality-Shaped Emotional Responses to Textual Events (2026.acl-long)

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Challenge: A critical bottleneck is the lack of ground-truth human data to link personality traits to emotional shifts.
Approach: They propose a large-scale dataset to capture reader-based emotional variations across news, social media, and life narratives.
Outcome: The proposed model captures reader-based emotional variations across news, social media, and life narratives.
Emotion analysis and detection during COVID-19 (2022.lrec-1)

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Challenge: 3,000 English tweets labeled with emotions are used to predict emotions during crises . authors propose semi-supervised learning to bridge this gap .
Approach: They propose to use a dataset of 3,000 English tweets labeled with emotions . they propose semi-supervised learning to bridge this gap by analyzing unlabeled data .
Outcome: The proposed model can be used to predict emotions in the context of COVID-19 . the proposed model performs better than other models using unlabeled data .
Emotion Analysis in NLP: Trends, Gaps and Roadmap for Future Directions (2024.lrec-main)

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Challenge: Emotion analysis (EA) is a rapidly growing field in natural language processing . there is no consensus on scope, direction, or methods for EA .
Approach: They review 154 relevant NLP papers on emotion analysis from the last decade . they ask: how are EA tasks defined in NLP? what are the most prominent emotion frameworks and which emotions are modeled?
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An Emotional Mess! Deciding on a Framework for Building a Dutch Emotion-Annotated Corpus (2020.lrec-1)

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Challenge: Existing frameworks for emotion recognition are limited and do not allow for categorical versus dimensional oppositions.
Approach: They propose to use the emotions joy, love, anger, sadness and fear as well as dimensional models to annotate texts from different domains and topics.
Outcome: The proposed frameworks are well-suited to annotate texts from different domains and topics, but the connotation of the labels strongly depends on the origin of the texts.
EmoTag1200: Understanding the Association between Emojis and Emotions (2020.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Emojis are increasingly used to convey affect, but their use is not trivial.
Approach: They propose to use human-solicited association ratings to explore the connection between emojis and emotions to conduct experiments.
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Tweet Emotion Dynamics: Emotion Word Usage in Tweets from US and Canada (2022.lrec-1)

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Challenge: a dataset of 45 million geo-located tweets from the US and Canada is used to analyze emotions . early work identified tweets as a crucial indicator of public sentiment .
Approach: They propose a dataset of more than 45 million geo-located tweets from US and Canada . they also introduce Tweet Emotion Dynamics (TED) metrics to capture patterns of emotions associated with tweets .
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A Comparative Cross Language View On Acted Databases Portraying Basic Emotions Utilising Machine Learning (2022.lrec-1)

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Challenge: Since several decades emotional databases have been recorded by various laboratories.
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Regrexit or not Regrexit: Aspect-based Sentiment Analysis in Polarized Contexts (2020.coling-main)

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Challenge: Aspect-based Sentiment Analysis (ABSA) aims at capturing sentiment expressed toward each aspect of a target entity.
Approach: They propose to extend the task of Aspect-based Sentiment Analysis (ABSA) toward affect and emotion representation in polarized settings.
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GPT Deciphering Fedspeak: Quantifying Dissent Among Hawks and Doves (2023.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: We use GPT-4 to quantify dissent among members on the topic of inflation . transcripts and minutes reflect the diversity of member views in a way that is lost or omitted from the public statements.
Approach: They use transcripts and minutes to quantify dissent among FOMC members . they find that transcripts reflect diversity of member views in a way that is lost or omitted .
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