Challenge: Homographic puns have a long history in human writing, widely used in written and spoken literature, which intended as jokes.
Approach: They propose a WordNet-encoded model to settle polysemy of homographic puns and a word weighted model for recognizing them.
Outcome: The proposed model can distinguish between homographic pun and non-homographic pun texts.

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Sense-Aware Neural Models for Pun Location in Texts (P18-2)

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Challenge: Puns where the two meanings share the same pronunciation are known as homographic puns.
Approach: They propose a sense-aware neural model to address the task of pun location . they first obtain several WSD results for the text and then leverage a bidirectional LSTM network to model each word senses.
Outcome: The proposed model is based on a SemEval 2017 benchmark dataset showing that it can predict homographic puns.
A Neural Approach to Pun Generation (P18-1)

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Challenge: generating puns with artificial intelligence techniques requires manual training and templates.
Approach: They propose neural network models for homographic pun generation that can generate puns without requiring any pun data for training.
Outcome: The proposed models generate homographic puns of good readability and quality without training.
A Unified Framework for Pun Generation with Humor Principles (2022.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Existing models for generating homophonic and homographic puns lack the linguistic attributes of successful puns to resolve the split-up in existing work.
Approach: They propose a framework to generate both homophonic and homographic puns to resolve the split-up in existing works by incorporating three linguistic attributes of puns into the language models: ambiguity, distinctiveness, and surprise.
Outcome: The proposed model over strong baselines shows that it can generate both homophonic and homographic puns.
Pun Unintended: LLMs and the Illusion of Humor Understanding (2025.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Existing models for pun detection lack nuanced grasp typical of human interpretation.
Approach: They analyze existing pun detection benchmarks and human evaluation across recent LLMs to find subtle changes in puns that mislead LLM.
Outcome: The proposed models lack the nuance typical of human interpretation and lack the depth of their analysis to detect puns.
Joint Detection and Location of English Puns (N19-1)

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Challenge: Existing research on puns has focused on understanding the meanings of words and phrases.
Approach: They propose a model that addresses pun detection and pun location jointly from a sequence labeling perspective.
Outcome: Empirical results show that the proposed model can handle both homographic and heterographic puns.
Embedding WordNet Knowledge for Textual Entailment (C18-1)

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Challenge: Existing deep learning models for textual entailment do not require any feature engineering or linguistic analysis.
Approach: They propose to embed WordNet-derived lexical entailment relations into specially-learned word vectors and incorporate them into a decomposable attention model for textual enlightment.
Outcome: The proposed model significantly improves on the SICK and SNLI datasets.
For a Fistful of Puns: Evaluating a Puns in Multiword Expressions Identification Algorithm Without Dedicated Dataset (2025.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: a recent study has shown that multiword expressions and wordplays impact their performance and are idiosyncratic and pervasive across languages.
Approach: They propose an alignment-based PMWE identification and tagging algorithm to identify different types of PMWEs.
Outcome: The proposed algorithm can identify different types of PMWEs and perform a snowclone detection task in English.
Pun Generation with Surprise (N19-1)

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Challenge: In this paper, we explore creative generation with a focus on puns.
Approach: They propose an unsupervised approach to generating puns using lots of raw text and a surprisal principle.
Outcome: The proposed approach generates puns 30% of the time, doubles the neural generation baseline.
Punctuations and Predicates in Language Models (2026.findings-eacl)

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Challenge: Recent work has shown that LLMs perform tasks in ways that diverge significantly from human reasoning.
Approach: They examine the computational importance of punctuation tokens in large language models . they use zeroing and layer-swapping techniques to examine their necessity and sufficiency .
Outcome: The proposed model differs in GPT-2, DeepSeek, and Gemma in that punctuation is necessary and sufficient in multiple layers . the findings offer new insight into the internal mechanisms of punctuations in LLMs and have implications for interpretability and model analysis.
“The Boating Store Had Its Best Sail Ever”: Pronunciation-attentive Contextualized Pun Recognition (2020.acl-main)

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Challenge: Identifying and modeling puns is challenging as they involve implicit semantic or phonological tricks.
Approach: They propose a method to detect puns in a sentence and then locate them in it . they propose to capture phonetic associations between the context and phonetic symbols .
Outcome: The proposed method outperforms state-of-the-art methods in pun detection and location tasks.

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