Challenge: Large Language Models (LLMs) are integral to conversational agents and content creation, but they lack robustness and require large-scale training data to achieve significant improvements in personality alignment.
Approach: They propose a method that introduces adjustment queries where self-referential statements grounded in psychological constructs are treated analogously to factual knowledge to enable direct editing of personality-related responses.
Outcome: The proposed method improves personality alignment across personality dimensions and requires only 12 editing samples to achieve significant improvements.

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Personality Vector: Modulating Personality of Large Language Models by Model Merging (2025.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Existing methods to induce personality in large language models (LLMs) fail to capture the continuous nature of human traits.
Approach: They propose a method for personality modulation in large language models by model merging by subtracting weights of pre-trained models from those of fine-tuned models.
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Modeling, Evaluating, and Embodying Personality in LLMs: A Survey (2025.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: This survey provides a comprehensive overview of the LLM-driven personality scenario.
Approach: This survey provides a comprehensive overview of the LLM-driven personality scenario.
Outcome: The proposed taxonomy analyzes the limitations of existing methods and identifies key research gaps.
PersonaLLM: Investigating the Ability of Large Language Models to Express Personality Traits (2024.findings-naacl)

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Challenge: Recent studies have shown that LLMs can generate content that aligns with their assigned personality traits, but there is limited research on whether they consistently reflect specific personality traits.
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Can LLMs Express Personality Across Cultures? Introducing CulturalPersonas for Evaluating Trait Alignment (2025.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Recent studies have explored personality evaluation of LLMs, but they largely overlook the interplay between culture and personality.
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BIG5-CHAT: Shaping LLM Personalities Through Training on Human-Grounded Data (2025.acl-long)

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Challenge: Existing methods for embedding human personality traits into LLMs are limited by realism and validity issues.
Approach: They propose to use a large-scale dataset to embed human personality traits into LLMs . they use supervised fine-tuning and direct preference optimization to train LLM models .
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ExPerT: Personalizing LLM Responses to Users’ Domain Expertise via Query-Wise Semantic and Keystroke Behavioral Cues (2026.acl-long)

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Challenge: Existing personalization methods relying on static profiles or text-only signals fail to capture query-specific expertise variation.
Approach: They propose a query-wise personalization framework that adapts LLM responses to query domain expertise by combining semantic and behavioral cues.
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Exploring the Impact of Personality Traits on LLM Toxicity and Bias (2025.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: anthropomorphic LLMs are being developed to serve diversified roles, but content safety concerns remain regarding their toxicity and toxicity.
Approach: They propose to assign personality traits to large language models (LLMs) to reduce toxic language and social biases in their outputs by using the widely accepted HEXACO personality framework developed in social psychology.
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DPN-LE: Dual Personality Neuron Localization and Editing for Large Language Models (2026.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Current methods for editing personality traits in large language models can change personalities but reduce performance.
Approach: They propose a novel paradigm for personality editing that locates and edits LLM neurons and enables competitive personality control at inference time.
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P4: Plug-and-Play Discrete Prompting for Large Language Models Personalization (2024.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit impressive capabilities in following instructions, but manually prompting them to exhibit certain personalities may result in sub-optimal performance.
Approach: They propose a plug-and-play prompting method to manipulate Large Language Models with distinct human-like personality traits by appending discrete personalized suffixes to query or dialog histories and focusing exclusively on influential tokens.
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Dissecting Human and LLM Preferences (2024.acl-long)

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Challenge: a recent study shows that human and Large Language Model preferences are important for model fine-tuning and evaluation.
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