Challenge: Existing neural topic models often overlook uncovering hidden topics from short texts due to data sparsity, poor aggregation quality, and difficulty in inferring topic proportions for individual documents.
Approach: They propose a model which constructs global clustering contexts for short texts using text embeddings from pre-trained language models.
Outcome: The proposed model outperforms state-of-the-art models on short texts in topic quality and document representation.

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Combating Label Sparsity in Short Text Topic Modeling via Nearest Neighbor Augmentation (2024.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Existing topic models suffer from poor performance when applied to short text contents due to the limited length of a single topic.
Approach: They propose a neural short text topic model that augments reconstruction labels with k-nearest documents to complement relevant but unobserved words.
Outcome: The proposed model outperforms the state-of-the-art models on multiple public short-text datasets and can derive high-quality topics and document representations.
Mitigating Data Sparsity for Short Text Topic Modeling by Topic-Semantic Contrastive Learning (2022.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Existing topic models do not make full use of word co-occurrence information to model latent topics.
Approach: They propose a novel short text topic modeling framework, Topic-Semantic Contrastive Topic Model, which uses augmented data and the data characteristic to learn the relations among samples.
Outcome: The proposed framework outperforms state-of-the-art baselines regardless of the data augmentation availability, producing high-quality topics and topic distributions.
Topic Modeling for Short Texts via Optimal Transport-Based Clustering (2025.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Existing approaches to topic modeling are based on probabilistic graphical models or non-negative matrix factorization techniques.
Approach: They propose a method that aligns global clusters with topics to discover topics and learn document representations in topic space.
Outcome: The proposed method outperforms state-of-the-art techniques in short-text topic modeling across commonly used metrics.
Topic Memory Networks for Short Text Classification (D18-1)

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Challenge: Existing classification models for short texts are weak due to data sparsity .
Approach: They propose topic memory networks for short text classification with a novel topic memory mechanism to encode latent topic representations indicative of class labels.
Outcome: The proposed model outperforms state-of-the-art models on short text classification, while generating coherent topics.
Enhancing Short-Text Topic Modeling with LLM-Driven Context Expansion and Prefix-Tuned VAEs (2024.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Existing topic models often lack sufficient word co-occurrence in short texts, resulting in incoherent topics.
Approach: They propose to use large language models to extend short texts into more detailed sequences before applying topic modeling to solve semantic inconsistency problem.
Outcome: The proposed approach significantly outperforms current state-of-the-art topic models on real-world datasets with extreme data sparsity.
Short Text Topic Modeling with Topic Distribution Quantization and Negative Sampling Decoder (2020.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Topic models for short texts suffer from data sparsity because of limited word co-occurrences.
Approach: They propose a neural topic model with a new topic distribution quantization approach that generates peakier distributions that are more appropriate for modeling short texts.
Outcome: The proposed model outperforms both strong traditional and neural baselines under extreme data sparsity scenes, producing high-quality topics.
LLMs Enable Bag-of-Texts Representations for Short-Text Clustering (2026.acl-long)

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Challenge: Existing methods for short text clustering require labeling and no embeddings optimization.
Approach: They propose a training-free method for unsupervised short text clustering that relies less on careful selection of embedders than other methods.
Outcome: The proposed method achieves comparable or superior results to state-of-the-art methods, but without embeddings optimization or prior knowledge of clusters or labels.
Topics as Entity Clusters: Entity-based Topics from Large Language Models and Graph Neural Networks (2024.lrec-main)

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Challenge: Topic models aim to reveal latent structures within corpus of text through term-frequency statistics over bag-of-words representations.
Approach: They propose to use bimodal vector representations of entities to extract latent representations from large language models and graph neural networks trained on symbolic relations to derive the most salient aspects of these conceptual units.
Outcome: The proposed approach is better suited to working with entities than state-of-the-art models.
Extracting Topics with Simultaneous Word Co-occurrence and Semantic Correlation Graphs: Neural Topic Modeling for Short Texts (2021.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Empirical results validate that DWGTM can generate more semantically coherent topics than baseline topic models.
Approach: They develop a neural topic model which extracts topics from word co-occurrence graphs . Empirical results validate that DWGTM can generate more semantically coherent topics than baseline topic models.
Outcome: Empirical results show that the proposed model can generate more coherent topics than baseline topic models.
Topic Modeling for Short Texts with Large Language Models (2024.acl-srw)

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Challenge: Large Language Models (LLMs) can be used to solve topic modeling challenges for short texts by contextually learning the meanings of words.
Approach: They propose two approaches to using Large Language Models (LLMs) for topic modeling: parallel prompting and sequential prompting.
Outcome: The proposed methods identify more coherent topics than existing ones while maintaining the diversity of the induced topics.

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