Challenge: Poverty is a multidimensional phenomenon that affects 712 million people worldwide .
Approach: They propose to annotate a corpus of English tweets from five world regions for the presence of harmful beliefs and discriminative actions against poor people on social media.
Outcome: The proposed model can be used to identify, track and mitigat aporophobia on social media at scale.

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RedditBias: A Real-World Resource for Bias Evaluation and Debiasing of Conversational Language Models (2021.acl-long)

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Challenge: Recent work has focused on measuring and mitigating bias in pretrained language models.
Approach: They propose a dataset that measures and mitigates bias across gender,race, religion, and queerness . they compare REDDITBIAS to a widely used conversational DialoGPT model .
Outcome: The proposed framework measures and mitigates bias across gender,race, religion, and queerness dimensions.
Stigma Annotation Scheme and Stigmatized Language Detection in Health-Care Discussions on Social Media (2020.lrec-1)

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Challenge: a large amount of research has been done on the interpretation and influence of stigma on human behaviour and health.
Approach: They develop an annotation scheme and improve the annotation process for stigma identification . they aim to distinguish stigmatised language from non-stigmatised using machine learning and NLP .
Outcome: The proposed method improves the annotation process for stigma identification . the results show that the method performs better than other models .
The ComMA Dataset V0.2: Annotating Aggression and Bias in Multilingual Social Media Discourse (2022.lrec-1)

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Challenge: 59,152 comments are annotated with a hierarchical, fine-grained taget marking aggression and bias of various kinds on social media platforms.
Approach: They propose to annotate a multilingual dataset with a hierarchical, fine-grained tagset marking different types of aggression and the "context" in which they occur.
Outcome: The proposed dataset contains 59,152 comments in four languages, mostly code-mixed with English.
Towards Automatic Bias Detection in Knowledge Graphs (2021.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Recent studies have shown that knowledge graphs are prone to various social biases, and have proposed multiple methods for debiasing them.
Approach: They propose a framework for identifying biases present in knowledge graph embeddings based on numerical bias metrics.
Outcome: The proposed framework can be extended to further bias definitions and applications.
Are Text Classifiers Xenophobic? A Country-Oriented Bias Detection Method with Least Confounding Variables (2024.lrec-main)

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Challenge: Existing methods for detecting biases are biased because of confounding variables . authors propose a method to detect the biased classifier on any type of unlabeled data .
Approach: They propose a method to detect biases of a specific fine-tuned classifier on unlabeled data.
Outcome: The proposed method detects biases on unlabeled data on named entity perturbations . it uses name-entity recognition on target-domain data and morphosynctactically different languages spoken in relation to countries of the target groups .
Mind Your Bias: A Critical Review of Bias Detection Methods for Contextual Language Models (2022.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Existing methods for detection of biases in contextual language models are inconsistent and inconclusive.
Approach: They propose to use word embedding association test to detect biases in contextual language models to compare them with other methods.
Outcome: The proposed methods are inconsistent and inconclusive for language models with word embeddings.
Event-Related Bias Removal for Real-time Disaster Events (2020.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Social media has become an important tool to share information about crisis events such as natural disasters and mass attacks.
Approach: They propose to train an adversarial neural model to remove latent event-specific biases and improve the performance on tweet importance classification.
Outcome: The proposed model removes event-specific biases and improves on tweet importance classification.
CrowS-Pairs: A Challenge Dataset for Measuring Social Biases in Masked Language Models (2020.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Pretrained language models use cultural biases implicitly, causing harm . identifying and quantifying learnt biase enables us to measure progress .
Approach: They propose a benchmark to measure social bias in pretrained language models . they use 1508 examples that cover stereotypes dealing with nine types of bias .
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Towards Identifying Social Bias in Dialog Systems: Framework, Dataset, and Benchmark (2022.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: a number of safety concerns hinder the deployment of open-domain dialog systems, such as offensive languages and toxic behaviors, such social bias is difficult to detect.
Approach: They propose a Dial-Bias Framework for analyzing social bias in conversations . they introduce a Chinese social bias dialog dataset and conduct in-depth ablation studies .
Outcome: The proposed framework is the first annotated Chinese social bias dialog dataset . the proposed framework also provides a fine-grained dialog bias measurement benchmark .
Mitigating Bias in Session-based Cyberbullying Detection: A Non-Compromising Approach (2021.acl-long)

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Challenge: Existing efforts to enhance the performance of session-based cyberbullying detection have overlooked unintended social biases in existing datasets.
Approach: They propose a model-agnostic debiasing strategy that leverages a reinforcement learning technique to mitigate unintended biases in existing datasets.
Outcome: The proposed approach can mitigate unintended biases without impairing the detection performance.

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