Challenge: Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable performance on code generation tasks.
Approach: They investigate the benefits of distilling the ability to repair code for both high and low resource languages to determine if the techniques are also applicable in low resource settings.
Outcome: The proposed techniques are effective in high- and low-resource languages, but weak in low-level languages.

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Bridge-Coder: Transferring Model Capabilities from High-Resource to Low-Resource Programming Language (2025.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Large Language Models (LLMs) excel at generating code for high-resource programming languages (HRPLs) however, they struggle significantly with low-resourced programming languages such as D, exacerbating the digital divide.
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Code Reffix: A Benchmark for Reflection-Guided Code Repair with Large Language Models (2026.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Existing benchmarks focus on the repair generation capability of LLMs, lacking fine-grained evaluation of reflection.
Approach: They propose a benchmark with oracle reflections and a dual-task protocol to decouple evaluation of reflection from repair.
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Enhancing Code Generation Performance of Smaller Models by Distilling the Reasoning Ability of LLMs (2024.lrec-main)

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Challenge: Large Language Models (LLMs) have made significant advances in code generation through the ‘Chain-of-Thought’ prompting technique.
Approach: They propose a framework which aims to transfer LLMs’ reasoning capabilities to smaller models through distillation.
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Towards Low-Resource Automatic Program Repair with Meta-Learning and Pretrained Language Models (2023.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Recent advances in deep learning (DL) based APR models have demonstrated promising results by learning from large-scale bug-fix examples in a data-driven manner.
Approach: They propose a meta-learning framework integrated with code pretrained language models to generate fixes for low-resource bugs with limited training samples.
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Code to Think, Think to Code: A Survey on Code-Enhanced Reasoning and Reasoning-Driven Code Intelligence in LLMs (2025.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Recent breakthrough models like OpenAI-o1 and DeepSeek-R1 show powerful task-solving capabilities, particularly advances in reasoning.
Approach: They propose future research directions that may deepen the synergy, ultimately advancing LLM performance in both complex reasoning and code intelligence.
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RePair: Automated Program Repair with Process-based Feedback (2024.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Commercial-scale language models (LMs) have taken APR to unprecedented levels, but they are limited by parameters and humans interact with them through explicit prompts.
Approach: They propose a method that utilizes process supervision to improve program repair by allowing users to input feedback from compilers and test cases.
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INTERVENOR: Prompting the Coding Ability of Large Language Models with the Interactive Chain of Repair (2024.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Experimental results show that INTERVENOR surpasses baseline models, exhibiting improvements of approximately 18% and 4.3% over GPT-3.5 in code generation and code translation tasks.
Approach: They propose a system that prompts Large Language Models to play distinct roles during the code repair process, functioning as both a Code Learner and a code teacher.
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Why Can Distillation Work with Limited Resources? A Systematic Study (2026.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Recent advances in large language models have driven reasoning performance . low-resource distillation can boost models' performance, but a framework is missing .
Approach: They conduct a controlled experiment to find out why low-resource distillation can boost model performance . they find that distillation enhances the presence of advanced cognitive behaviors .
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Testing the Effect of Code Documentation on Large Language Model Code Understanding (2024.findings-naacl)

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Challenge: Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive abilities in recent years with regards to code generation and understanding.
Approach: They propose to provide an LLM with "incorrect" documentation that can greatly hinder code understanding, while incomplete or missing documentation does not seem to significantly affect an LRM's ability to understand code.
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The Program Testing Ability of Large Language Models for Code (2024.emnlp-industry)

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Challenge: Recent development of large language models (LLMs) for code shows promise in achieving code intelligence.
Approach: They explore the ability of large language models to generate automated test cases . they show +11.77% and +4.22% higher code pass rates on HumanEval+ .
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