Challenge: Multidialectal Arabic POS tagging is challenging due to the morphological richness and high variability among dialects.
Approach: They propose an active learning approach for multidialectal Arabic POS tagging . they annotate approximately 15,000 tokens, reducing the annotation requirement by about 2,000 tokens .
Outcome: The proposed approach achieves 97.6% accuracy on the Emirati corpus.

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Challenge: Existing work on dialectal POS tagging is rather scant with POS tags for most dialects being nonexistent or of limited availability.
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Reducing Confusion in Active Learning for Part-Of-Speech Tagging (2021.tacl-1)

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Challenge: Existing algorithms for annotating parts of speech are not optimal for all languages.
Approach: They propose to use a data selection algorithm to select useful training samples to minimize annotation cost.
Outcome: The proposed strategy outperforms existing strategies on six typologically diverse languages.
Part-of-Speech Tagging for Arabic Gulf Dialect Using Bi-LSTM (L18-1)

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Challenge: Part-of-speech (POS) tagging is one of the most important building blocks in many natural language processing (NLP) applications.
Approach: They propose to use a POS tagger for Arabic Gulf dialect to improve POS tagging accuracy.
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Optimizing Annotation Effort Using Active Learning Strategies: A Sentiment Analysis Case Study in Persian (2020.lrec-1)

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Challenge: Existing deep learning approaches require huge amounts of data to be trained properly.
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EMAD: A Bridge Tagset for Unifying Arabic POS Annotations (2024.lrec-main)

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Challenge: Existing tagsets for Arabic are difficult to combine due to the diversity of their features.
Approach: They propose an Arabic Extended Morphological Analysis and Disambiguation Tagset which facilitates conversion and unification of Arabic tagsets.
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Adversarial Multitask Learning for Joint Multi-Feature and Multi-Dialect Morphological Modeling (P19-1)

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Challenge: Morphological tagging is challenging for morphologically rich languages due to the large combined target space and the need for more training data to minimize model sparsity.
Approach: They propose to use multitask learning and adversarial training to address morphological richness and dialectal variations in the context of full morphology.
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On Efficiently Acquiring Annotations for Multilingual Models (2022.acl-short)

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Challenge: a recent study shows that joint learning across multiple languages performs better than the aforementioned approaches . traditional approaches to support NLP tasks require a lot of annotations to perform . a new approach is to train a model for each language with annotation budget divided equally among them .
Approach: They propose a method for joint learning across multiple languages using a single model . they show that active learning provides additional, complementary benefits .
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Deep Active Learning for Morphophonological Processing (2023.acl-short)

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Challenge: Existing deep learning models for morphological processing require a large amount of annotated data.
Approach: They propose a deep active learning method that uses only informative samples to reduce the need for annotated data.
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Morphosyntactic Tagging with Pre-trained Language Models for Arabic and its Dialects (2022.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Pre-trained morphosyntactic tagging models outperform existing systems in Modern Standard Arabic and all the Arabic dialects studied.
Approach: They present results on morphosyntactic tagging across different varieties of Arabic using pre-trained transformer language models.
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Active Learning for Sequence Tagging with Deep Pre-trained Models and Bayesian Uncertainty Estimates (2021.eacl-main)

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Challenge: Annotating training data for sequence tagging of texts is usually very time-consuming . active learning can help to reduce the amount of annotation required to train a good model by multiple times .
Approach: They are the first to thoroughly investigate active learning and transfer learning for natural language processing . they propose to combine active learning with active learning to improve model acquisition .
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