Bias in the Mirror : Are LLMs opinions robust to their own adversarial attacks (2025.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | Existing work on large language models lacks robustness, highlighting the limitations of such models. |
| Approach: | They propose a novel approach where two LLMs engage in self-debate to persuade a neutral version of the model. |
| Outcome: | The proposed approach examines whether large language models are robust during interactions and whether they are susceptible to reinforcing misinformation or shifting to harmful viewpoints. |
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Systematic Biases in LLM Simulations of Debates (2024.emnlp-main)
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| Challenge: | Current research suggests that LLM-based agents become increasingly human-like in their performance, sparking interest in using these AI agents as substitutes for human participants in behavioral studies. |
| Approach: | They propose to use LLMs to simulate political debates on topics that are important aspects of people’s day-to-day lives and decision-making processes. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model can simulate political debates on topics that are important aspects of people’s day-to-day lives and decision-making processes. |
Investigating Bias in LLM-Based Bias Detection: Disparities between LLMs and Human Perception (2025.coling-main)
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| Challenge: | Detecting media bias is critical due to the spread of misinformation and disinformation on social media platforms. |
| Approach: | They investigate the presence and nature of bias within large language models and its consequential impact on media bias detection. |
| Outcome: | The proposed debiasing strategies include prompt engineering and model fine-tuning. |
Biased LLMs can Influence Political Decision-Making (2025.acl-long)
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Jillian Fisher, Shangbin Feng, Robert Aron, Thomas Richardson, Yejin Choi, Daniel W Fisher, Jennifer Pan, Yulia Tsvetkov, Katharina Reinecke
| Challenge: | Recent studies have found that biased LLMs can influence decisions in areas such as medical classifications and educational hiring. |
| Approach: | They conducted two interactive experiments on partisan bias in large language models while completing tasks with either a biased liberal, biased conservative, or unbiased control model. |
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Humans or LLMs as the Judge? A Study on Judgement Bias (2024.emnlp-main)
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| Challenge: | Proprietary models such as GPT-4, Claude, Gemini-Pro and others are being democratized to improve evaluations of LLMs. |
| Approach: | They propose a framework that is free from referencing groundtruth annotations for investigating **Misinformation Oversight Bias**, **Gender Bia**,**Authority Bia* and **Beauty Bia's** on LLM and human judges. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework investigates **Misinformation Oversight Bias**, **Gender Bia**,**Authority Bia* and **Beauty Bia' on LLM and human judges. |
How Susceptible are Large Language Models to Ideological Manipulation? (2024.emnlp-main)
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| Challenge: | Large Language Models (LLMs) have the potential to exert substantial influence on public perceptions and interactions with information. |
| Approach: | They examine how LLMs can learn and generalize ideological biases from their instruction-tuning data. |
| Outcome: | The LLMs show a startling ability to absorb ideology from one topic and generalize it to even unrelated ones. |
Large Language Models Are Still Misled by Simple Bias Ensembles (2026.findings-acl)
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| Challenge: | Existing benchmarks for large language models are constrained to datasets where each sample is manually injected with only one type of bias. |
| Approach: | They propose a multi-bias benchmark where each sample contains multiple types of biases. |
| Outcome: | The proposed benchmark shows that existing LLMs and debiasing methods perform poorly on this benchmark, highlighting the challenge of eliminating compounded biases. |
Addressing Bias and Hallucination in Large Language Models (2024.lrec-tutorials)
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Nihar Ranjan Sahoo, Ashita Saxena, Kishan Maharaj, Arif A. Ahmad, Abhijit Mishra, Pushpak Bhattacharyya
| Challenge: | This tutorial provides a comprehensive overview of two critical aspects of Large Language Models: bias and hallucination. |
| Approach: | This tutorial provides an overview of two critical aspects of Large Language Models: bias and hallucination. |
| Outcome: | This tutorial delves into the complex dimensions of Large Language Models (LLMs) it outlines ethical considerations pertinent to their development and discusses hallucination, a prevalent issue in generative AI systems such as LLMs. |
Vulnerabilities of Large Language Models to Adversarial Attacks (2024.acl-tutorials)
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| Challenge: | This tutorial focuses on the vulnerabilities of Large Language Models to adversarial attacks . the tutorial lays the foundation by explaining safety-aligned models and concepts in cybersecurity . |
| Approach: | This tutorial lays the foundation by explaining safety-aligned LLMs and concepts in cybersecurity. |
| Outcome: | The tutorial lays the foundation by explaining safety-aligned models and concepts in cybersecurity. |
Towards Implicit Bias Detection and Mitigation in Multi-Agent LLM Interactions (2024.findings-emnlp)
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| Challenge: | a recent study shows that large language models are susceptible to societal biases due to their exposure to human-generated data. |
| Approach: | They propose two strategies to mitigate implicit gender biases in large language models . they create scenarios where implicit gender is present and develop a metric to assess the presence of biase . |
| Outcome: | The proposed methods mitigate implicit biases with self-reflection and fine-tuning. |
Bias Beware: The Impact of Cognitive Biases on LLM-Driven Product Recommendations (2025.emnlp-main)
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| Challenge: | Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionized product recommenders, but their susceptibility to adversarial manipulations is difficult to detect. |
| Approach: | They propose to use large language models to investigate cognitive biases as adversarial strategies in product research using LLMs. |
| Outcome: | The proposed approach is the first to tap into human psychological principles, making such manipulations hard to detect. |