Challenge: a new form of memes has emerged to combat misogyny and harmful stereotypes . authors present a dataset to analyze online misogamy in Tamil and Malayalam communities .
Approach: They propose to create an annotated dataset with detailed annotation guidelines to analyze online misogyny within Tamil and Malayalam-speaking communities.
Outcome: The proposed dataset reveals the world of gender bias and stereotypes in Tamil and Malayalam-speaking communities.

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Unintended Bias Detection and Mitigation in Misogynous Memes (2024.eacl-long)

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Challenge: Existing models that detect misogyny are not able to detect unintended biases in memes, perpetuating harmful stereotypes and reinforcing negative attitudes.
Approach: They propose to measure and mitigate unintentional bias in misogynous memes detection models by using a contextualized scene graph-based multimodal network (CTXSGMNet) they also evaluate their generalizability by evaluating their performance on a few benchmark meme datasets.
Outcome: The proposed model achieves state-of-the-art performance on the SemEval-2022 Task 5 (MAMI task) dataset, showcasing its promising performance in terms of Equity of Odds and F1 score.
An Expert Annotated Dataset for the Detection of Online Misogyny (2021.eacl-main)

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Challenge: Existing studies have found that misogynistic content is pervasive on some Reddit communities, but a training dataset for misogorical classification has not been created with the data.
Approach: They propose a hierarchical taxonomy and an expert labelled dataset to enable automatic classification of online misogynistic content.
Outcome: The proposed taxonomy and an expert labelled dataset are made freely available for future research.
Annotating Online Misogyny (2021.acl-long)

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Challenge: Online misogyny is a category of online abusive language with serious and harmful social consequences.
Approach: They propose an iterative annotation process and a taxonomy of labels for annotating misogyny in natural written language and cite a high-quality dataset of annotated posts from social media posts.
Outcome: The proposed method aims to identify misogynistic language in natural written language and annotate it in social media posts using a high-quality dataset.
BANMIME : Misogyny Detection with Metaphor Explanation on Bangla Memes (2025.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Existing studies have explored hate speech and general meme classification, but the nuanced identification of misogyny in Bangla memes remains underexplored.
Approach: They propose a Bangla misogynistic meme dataset that includes misos, humor, metaphors and detailed human-written explanations.
Outcome: The proposed dataset is the first comprehensive dataset of misogynistic Bangla memes . it includes misos, humor categories, metaphor localization, and detailed human-written explanations based on 2,000 culturally grounded samples .
CM-Off-Meme: Code-Mixed Hindi-English Offensive Meme Detection with Multi-Task Learning by Leveraging Contextual Knowledge (2024.lrec-main)

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Challenge: Existing studies on detecting offensive memes have focused on identifying them as implicit and explicit . detecting memes requires contextual knowledge, but there is no such dataset for the code-mixed Hindi-English domain.
Approach: They propose an end-to-end multitask model that integrates contextual knowledge and psycho-linguistic knowledge to detect offensive memes.
Outcome: The proposed model is able to detect offensive memes and explicit memes in a large-scale dataset.
Deciphering Hate: Identifying Hateful Memes and Their Targets (2024.acl-long)

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Challenge: a growing body of research has focused on the negative aspects of memes in high-resource languages like Bengali . a new dataset for Bengali hateful memes is designed to detect their targeted entities .
Approach: They propose a multimodal dataset that analyzes the modality of memes and compares them with other datasets.
Outcome: The proposed dataset outperforms state-of-the-art datasets on Bengali hateful memes . the proposed dataset is generalizable on other low-resource hateful memes datasets compared with baselines based on the proposed model .
BanglaAbuseMeme: A Dataset for Bengali Abusive Meme Classification (2023.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: a number of studies have tried to detect and control the spread of such abusive memes on social media platforms.
Approach: They build a Bengali meme dataset to test models for abusive memes . they find that multimodal models that use both textual and visual information outperform unimodal models .
Outcome: The proposed model outperforms unimodal models in a Bengali meme dataset.
Biasly: An Expert-Annotated Dataset for Subtle Misogyny Detection and Mitigation (2024.findings-acl)

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Challenge: the Biasly dataset captures misogyny in movies in ways unique within the literature.
Approach: The Biasly dataset captures misogyny in North American film by combining annotations of movie subtitles with common NLP algorithms.
Outcome: The Biasly dataset captures misogyny expressions in North American film . it contains annotations of movie subtitles and text generation for rewrites .
MemeWeaver: Inter-Meme Graph Reasoning for Sexism and Misogyny Detection (2026.findings-eacl)

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Challenge: Existing methods to detect hate speech on social media are limited by heuristic graph construction, shallow modality fusion, and instance-level reasoning.
Approach: They propose a multimodal framework for detecting sexism and misogyny using a graph reasoning mechanism that can be used to train multiple visual-textual fusion strategies.
Outcome: The proposed framework outperforms state-of-the-art methods on MAMI and EXIST benchmarks while achieving faster training convergence.
The ComMA Dataset V0.2: Annotating Aggression and Bias in Multilingual Social Media Discourse (2022.lrec-1)

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Challenge: 59,152 comments are annotated with a hierarchical, fine-grained taget marking aggression and bias of various kinds on social media platforms.
Approach: They propose to annotate a multilingual dataset with a hierarchical, fine-grained tagset marking different types of aggression and the "context" in which they occur.
Outcome: The proposed dataset contains 59,152 comments in four languages, mostly code-mixed with English.

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