Challenge: Domain-specific Language (DSL) is an effective tool to express constraints structurally, but requires case-by-case hand-crafting.
Approach: They propose a framework to automate domain-specific language constraint design . they propose 'autoDSL' framework to optimize syntactic and semantic constraints .
Outcome: The framework automates constraint design across domains and abstracts semantic constraints.

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Challenge: Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated potential in code generation and natural language understanding, but they struggle with code constraints.
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Challenge: Existing approaches to enhancing large language models fail to emphasize specific constraints and unlock the underlying knowledge.
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DS2-Instruct: Domain-Specific Data Synthesis for Large Language Models Instruction Tuning (2026.findings-eacl)

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Challenge: Existing data synthesis methods focus on general-purpose tasks and fail to capture domain-specific terminology and reasoning patterns.
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Injecting Domain-Specific Knowledge into Large Language Models: A Comprehensive Survey (2025.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: specialized LLMs are often limited in domain-specific applications that require specialized knowledge.
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Fundamental Capabilities of Large Language Models and their Applications in Domain Scenarios: A Survey (2024.acl-long)

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Challenge: Existing benchmark-based evaluations cannot accurately reflect the performance of real-world applications.
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Language Model as Planner and Formalizer under Constraints (2026.acl-long)

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Challenge: Large language models (LLMs) have been widely used in planning but lack interpretability and control.
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On the Limit of Language Models as Planning Formalizers (2025.acl-long)

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Challenge: Large Language Models can create plans that are neither executable nor verifiable in grounded environments.
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Academics Can Contribute to Domain-Specialized Language Models (2024.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Commercially available models dominate academic leaderboards, focusing on creating and adapting general-purpose models . however, general- purpose models often underperform in specialized domains, and domain-specific models yield superior results.
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Overestimation of Syntactic Representation in Neural Language Models (2020.acl-main)

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Challenge: Several testing methodologies have been developed to probe models’ syntactic representations.
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AutoTaskEval: Towards Domain-Specific and Fine-Grained Evaluation for LLMs (2026.acl-long)

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Challenge: Existing automated approaches operate within fixed task schemas and often fail to autonomously discover new evaluation dimensions.
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