Challenge: Existing studies on stance detection were conducted mainly in English due to the low-resource problem in most non-English languages.
Approach: They propose to use a cross-lingual teacher and a teacher to transfer knowledge from source to target language to bridge the discrepancy between languages.
Outcome: The proposed framework bridges the discrepancy between languages and generalizes the knowledge to unseen targets in target language.

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Target-Oriented Relation Alignment for Cross-Lingual Stance Detection (2023.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Existing work on cross-lingual stance detection has ignored the inconsistency in the occurrences and distributions of targets between languages, which consequently degrades the performance of stance detector in low-resource languages.
Approach: They propose a fine-grained method which considers both target-level associations and language-level alignments to learn the in-language and cross-language associations.
Outcome: The proposed method is compared with competing methods under variant settings and shows that it performs better in low-resource languages.
Improving Stance Detection with Multi-Dataset Learning and Knowledge Distillation (2021.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: stance detection is a method to determine whether a text author is in favor of, against or neutral toward a specific target.
Approach: They propose a method that applies instance-specific temperature scaling to the teacher and student predictions.
Outcome: The proposed method outperforms the state-of-the-art on all datasets and on multiple datasets.
LLM-Driven Knowledge Injection Advances Zero-Shot and Cross-Target Stance Detection (2024.naacl-short)

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Challenge: Existing methods for stance detection focus on background information and not on the accompanying input texts.
Approach: They propose to prompt Large Language Models to explicitly extract the relationship between paired text and unseen target as contextual knowledge and inject it into a generation model BART to exploit the rich contexts and semantics.
Outcome: The proposed model is able to detect stance labels in zero-shot and cross-target scenarios.
Distilling Calibrated Knowledge for Stance Detection (2023.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Existing methods for stance detection ignore meaningful signals among categories offered by hard labels.
Approach: They propose to use knowledge distillation to calibrate teacher predictions in each generation step.
Outcome: The proposed method can calibrate teacher predictions in each generation step and improves stance detection accuracy.
Contrastive Language Adaptation for Cross-Lingual Stance Detection (D19-1)

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Challenge: Current approaches to fact-checking are time-consuming and tedious.
Approach: They propose a novel approach which leverages labeled data in one language to identify relative perspective of a document with respect to a claim in a different target language.
Outcome: The proposed approach can deal with the challenge of limited labeled data in the target language.
A Reinforcement Learning Framework for Cross-Lingual Stance Detection Using Chain-of-Thought Alignment (2025.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Existing approaches to cross-lingual stance detection can't effectively perform cross-linguistic transfer of complex reasoning processes.
Approach: They propose a framework to facilitate cross-lingual transfer of complex reasoning processes in stance detection by using cross-linguistic Chain-of-Thought alignment to obtain high-quality CoTs generated from target language inputs.
Outcome: The proposed framework outperforms competing models on four multilingual datasets.
An LLM-Enabled Knowledge Elicitation and Retrieval Framework for Zero-Shot Cross-Lingual Stance Identification (2024.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Existing research is conducted in monolingual setting on English datasets, whereas in other low-resource languages, it lacks sufficient data for training quality stance detection models.
Approach: They propose a knowledge elicitation and retrieval framework that leverages the capability of large language models for stance knowledge acquisition and matches the target language input to the most relevant stance information.
Outcome: The proposed framework improves on multilingual datasets and competitive baselines.
Cross-Domain Label-Adaptive Stance Detection (2021.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Stance detection is a task that focuses on the classification of a writer’s viewpoint towards a target.
Approach: They propose an end-to-end unsupervised framework for out-of-domain prediction of unseen, user-defined labels.
Outcome: The proposed framework shows that it can be used to predict unseen labels over strong baselines.
A Multi-Task Learning Framework for Multi-Target Stance Detection (2021.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Existing models fail to learn target-specific representations and are prone to overfitting.
Approach: They propose a multi-task learning network to train one model on all target pairs . their results show that their proposed model outperforms the best-performing baseline by 12.39% .
Outcome: The proposed model outperforms the best-performing baseline model by 12.39% in macro-averaged F1-score.
Enhancing Cross-target Stance Detection with Transferable Semantic-Emotion Knowledge (2020.acl-main)

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Challenge: Existing methods for stance detection are struggling to cope with the data across targets.
Approach: They propose a model that uses external knowledge as a bridge to enable knowledge transfer across different targets.
Outcome: The proposed model outperforms existing methods on a large real-world dataset.

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