| Challenge: | a hallmark of modern large language models is their impressive general zero-shot and few-shot abilities . however, zero- shot performances are weaker due to the lack of guidance and the difficulty of applying existing automatic prompt design methods in general tasks. |
| Approach: | They propose an automatic prompt design approach specifically tailored for zero-shot learning that categorizes a possible NLP task into one of three possible task types and then uses a selector to select the most suitable queries and zero- shot model-generated responses as pseudo-demonstrations. |
| Outcome: | The proposed approach is able to generalize ICL to zero-shot learning tasks while also allowing for a more efficient and efficient prompt design. |
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Better Zero-Shot Reasoning with Self-Adaptive Prompting (2023.findings-acl)
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| Challenge: | Modern large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities at sophisticated tasks, often through step-by-step reasoning similar to humans. |
| Approach: | They propose a new method that uses a set of examples from the LLM zero-shot outputs to improve performance. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method improves performance up to 15% compared to baselines and matches or exceeds few-shot baselines at a range of reasoning tasks. |
Unleashing the Power of Large Language Models in Zero-shot Relation Extraction via Self-Prompting (2024.findings-emnlp)
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| Challenge: | Existing methods for zero-shot Relation Extraction (RE) lack detailed, context-specific prompts for understanding various sentences and relations. |
| Approach: | They propose a framework that uses a three-stage diversity approach to prompt LLMs by generating multiple synthetic samples that encapsulate specific relations from scratch. |
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Self-Prompting Large Language Models for Zero-Shot Open-Domain QA (2024.naacl-long)
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| Challenge: | Open-Domain Question Answering (ODQA) aims to answer questions without explicitly providing specific background documents. |
| Approach: | They propose a framework to explicitly utilize the massive knowledge encoded in LLM parameters and their strong instruction understanding abilities. |
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Instances Need More Care: Rewriting Prompts for Instances with LLMs in the Loop Yields Better Zero-Shot Performance (2024.findings-acl)
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| Challenge: | Large language models (LLMs) have revolutionized zero-shot task performance, mitigating the need for task-specific annotations while enhancing task generalizability. |
| Approach: | They propose an approach that optimizes the zero-shot prompts for individual task instances following an innovative manner of "LLMs in the loop" their results show that PRomPTed outperforms naive zero- shot approaches and a strong baseline which refines the task output instead of the input prompt. |
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Revisiting Automated Prompting: Are We Actually Doing Better? (2023.acl-short)
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| Challenge: | Recent work demonstrates that Large Language Models are great few-shot learners, and prompting significantly increases their performance on a range of downstream tasks. |
| Approach: | They revisit techniques for automated prompting on six different downstream tasks and a larger range of K-shot learning settings. |
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Few-Shot Self-Rationalization with Natural Language Prompts (2022.findings-naacl)
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| Challenge: | Existing models that generate free-text explanations for tasks are limited by human-written explanations. |
| Approach: | They propose to use a standardized collection of natural language prompts to create a model that generates free-text explanations for tasks. |
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Better Zero-Shot Reasoning with Role-Play Prompting (2024.naacl-long)
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Aobo Kong, Shiwan Zhao, Hao Chen, Qicheng Li, Yong Qin, Ruiqi Sun, Xin Zhou, Enzhi Wang, Xiaohang Dong
| Challenge: | Recent years have witnessed a paradigm shift in natural language processing, driven by large language models such as GPT-3, PaLM, and Llama. |
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EvoPrompt: Evolving Prompts for Enhanced Zero-Shot Named Entity Recognition with Large Language Models (2025.coling-main)
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| Challenge: | Named Entity Recognition (NER) is a low-resource task that requires supervised learning, but practical scenarios lack annotated data. |
| Approach: | They propose an Evolving Prompts framework that guides the model to better address these issues through continuous prompt refinement. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework shows consistent performance improvements on four benchmarks. |
Prompt Consistency for Zero-Shot Task Generalization (2022.findings-emnlp)
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| Challenge: | Recent work has shown that pre-trained language models can perform zero-shot generalization to new tasks without annotated examples. |
| Approach: | They propose to regularize prompt consistency to encourage consistent predictions over a diverse set of prompts. |
| Outcome: | The proposed approach outperforms the state-of-the-art zero-shot learner, T0, on 9 out of 11 datasets across 4 NLP tasks by 10.6 absolute points in terms of accuracy. |
Self-ICL: Zero-Shot In-Context Learning with Self-Generated Demonstrations (2023.emnlp-main)
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| Challenge: | Large language models (LLMs) have shown striking ability to adapt to target tasks with a few input-output demonstrations. |
| Approach: | They propose a framework which bootstraps LMs’ intrinsic capabilities to perform zero-shot ICL. |
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