Challenge: Using teacher-predicted probabilities and knowledge distillation frameworks to identify propaganda content is important.
Approach: They propose to integrate local and global discourse structures for propaganda discovery and construct two teacher models for identifying PDTB-style discourse relations between nearby sentences and common discourse roles of sentences in a news article respectively.
Outcome: The proposed models improve accuracy and recall of propaganda content identification at sentence-level and token-level.

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Fine-Grained Analysis of Propaganda in News Article (D19-1)

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Challenge: Existing methods for detecting propaganda are noisy and lack of explainability.
Approach: They propose to perform fine-grained analysis of texts by detecting all fragments that contain propaganda techniques as well as their type.
Outcome: The proposed model outperforms several strong BERT-based baselines.
Unleashing the Power of Discourse-Enhanced Transformers for Propaganda Detection (2024.eacl-long)

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Challenge: Existing systems focused on the surface words, ignoring the linguistic structure of the texts.
Approach: They propose to use discourse analysis to analyze paragraph-level and token-level classifications and propose a Transformer architecture that can be used to detect propaganda.
Outcome: The proposed system improves on English and Russian texts and shows strong correlations between propaganda instances and discourse spans.
Sentence-level Media Bias Analysis Informed by Discourse Structures (2022.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Recent work on detecting media bias at the level of individual articles is limited to single sentences.
Approach: They propose to use a news discourse structure and PDTB discourse relations to identify bias sentences within an article that can illuminate and explain the overall bias of the entire article.
Outcome: The proposed model can detect bias at the level of individual articles and a single sentence can explain it.
Synthetic Propaganda Embeddings To Train A Linear Projection (D19-50)

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Challenge: Using contextualized token embeddings, we can extract features of propaganda from contextualized embeddnings without fine-tuning the large parameters of the base model.
Approach: They propose a method for detecting fine-grained categories of propaganda in text by generating synthetically generated embeddings from pre-trained language models.
Outcome: The proposed method is used in the first shared task in fine-grained propaganda detection at NLP4IF as Team Stalin.
Can GPT-4 Identify Propaganda? Annotation and Detection of Propaganda Spans in News Articles (2024.lrec-main)

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Challenge: Using large language models (LLMs) to detect propaganda from text is a challenge for the development of sophisticated models.
Approach: They propose to use a large propaganda dataset to identify propagandistic content in text, visual, or multimodal languages to improve their models.
Outcome: The proposed model performs better on a large propaganda dataset than the existing models on skewed datasets.
On Sentence Representations for Propaganda Detection: From Handcrafted Features to Word Embeddings (D19-50)

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Challenge: The rise of fake and hyperpartisan news on social media and online news outlets calls for improved automatic detection of propaganda in texts.
Approach: They propose to use handcrafted features and learn dense semantic representations to detect propaganda in sentence-level and with random undersampling of the majority class (non-propaganda)
Outcome: The proposed system achieves a ranking of 10 among 25 participants, with 59.5 F1-score.
Leveraging Declarative Knowledge in Text and First-Order Logic for Fine-Grained Propaganda Detection (2020.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Existing methods for fine-grained propaganda detection are not based on input-output data, but instead use declarative knowledge to detect propagandistic text fragments.
Approach: They propose a method to inject declarative knowledge of fine-grained propaganda techniques into training data to get better representations of propagandistic texts.
Outcome: The proposed method achieves superior performance on a large dataset for propaganda detection.
An Integrated Approach for Political Bias Prediction and Explanation Based on Discursive Structure (2023.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Existing methods for predicting and explaining political biases rely on lexical cues.
Approach: They propose an approach to automatically characterize biases that takes into account structural differences and is efficient for long texts.
Outcome: The proposed approach is efficient for long texts and takes into account structural differences.
Fine-Tuned Neural Models for Propaganda Detection at the Sentence and Fragment levels (D19-50)

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Challenge: The system was evaluated on a unified development set without distributing the gold labels.
Approach: They propose to use fine-grained propaganda detection to build models that can explain why an article is propagandistic.
Outcome: The proposed model performed on all eighteen propaganda techniques in the corpus of the shared task.
Neural Architectures for Fine-Grained Propaganda Detection in News (D19-50)

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Challenge: MIC-CIS is a fine grained propaganda detection system . previous work focused on document level, labeling articles as propaganda .
Approach: They propose to use different neural architectures to jointly perform propaganda detection tasks . they also investigate different ensemble schemes such as majority-voting, relax-vote, etc.
Outcome: The proposed system performs sentences and fragment level propaganda detection tasks.

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