Challenge: Recent studies have looked into the ability of large language models in various benchmark tasks, including question generation, reading comprehension, multilingual and etc. However, few studies investigate the controllability of large languages.
Approach: They propose to compare large language models with state-of-the-start finetuned smaller models to find that large language model controls are comparable to smaller models.
Outcome: The proposed model can meet hard constraints and perform better than state-of-the-art models.

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A Systematic Survey and Critical Review on Evaluating Large Language Models: Challenges, Limitations, and Recommendations (2024.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Large Language Models (LLMs) have gained significant attention due to their capabilities in performing diverse tasks across domains.
Approach: They review the primary challenges and limitations causing inconsistencies in evaluations . early models could generate coherent text but limited to simple tasks .
Outcome: The proposed evaluations are reproducible, reliable, and robust.
Benchmarking Generation and Evaluation Capabilities of Large Language Models for Instruction Controllable Summarization (2024.findings-naacl)

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Challenge: Recent studies have found that large language models (LLMs) can achieve state-of-the-art performance on generic summarization benchmarks, but their performance on more complex summarizing task settings is less studied.
Approach: They benchmark large language models on instruction controllable text summarization . they use 4 evaluation protocols and 11 LLMs to evaluate their performance .
Outcome: The proposed model performs well on instruction controllable text summarization tasks with 4 evaluation protocols and 11 LLMs.
Evaluating Large Language Models via Linguistic Profiling (2024.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Large Language Models (LLMs) undergo extensive evaluation against various benchmarks collected in established leaderboards to assess their performance across multiple tasks.
Approach: They propose a new evaluation methodology to test LLMs' sentence generation abilities under specific linguistic constraints.
Outcome: The proposed evaluation methodology is based on the 'linguistic profiling' approach and is not intended to be a task-oriented evaluation.
The BiGGen Bench: A Principled Benchmark for Fine-grained Evaluation of Language Models with Language Models (2025.naacl-long)

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Challenge: a recent study evaluated language models using abstract evaluation criteria that lack the flexibility and granularity of human assessment.
Approach: They propose a benchmark to evaluate nine distinct language models' capabilities . they use instance-specific evaluation criteria to mirror human evaluation .
Outcome: The proposed benchmark evaluates nine distinct capabilities of language models across 77 tasks.
How Do Large Language Models Capture the Ever-changing World Knowledge? A Review of Recent Advances (2023.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Large language models (LLMs) are impressive in solving tasks, but they can quickly be outdated after deployment.
Approach: They provide a review of recent advances in aligning deployed large language models with the ever-changing world knowledge.
Outcome: The proposed models can be used to perform various tasks directly through in-context learning or for further fine-tuning for domain-specific uses.
A Survey of Confidence Estimation and Calibration in Large Language Models (2024.naacl-long)

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Challenge: Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities across a wide range of tasks in various domains, but they can be unreliable due to factual errors in their generations.
Approach: They summarize recent advances in LLM confidence estimation and calibration and outline their main lessons learned.
Outcome: The proposed methods can be used to assess the reliability of models and to calibrate them across tasks.
Factuality of Large Language Models: A Survey (2024.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Large language models (LLMs) are factually incorrect, which limits their applicability in real-world scenarios.
Approach: They analyze existing work to identify major challenges and their associated causes . they propose to evaluate LLMs using a variety of measures to mitigate factual errors .
Outcome: The proposed methods are based on a variety of datasets and proposed strategies to mitigate factual errors.
Methods for Estimating and Improving Robustness of Language Models (2022.naacl-srw)

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Challenge: Large language models suffer from weak generalisation ability due to shallow textual relations over full semantic complexity of the problem.
Approach: They propose to incorporate some of these measures into training objectives to enhance distributional robustness of LLMs.
Outcome: The proposed models outperform human models on complex tasks and outperformed other models on deep networks.
Unveiling the Generalization Power of Fine-Tuned Large Language Models (2024.naacl-long)

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Challenge: Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated exceptional multitasking abilities, but the comprehensive effects of fine-tuning on the LLMs’ generalization ability are not fully understood.
Approach: They conduct extensive experiments across five distinct language tasks on different datasets to investigate whether fine-tuning affects the generalization ability intrinsic to LLMs.
Outcome: The proposed model can generalize to different domains and tasks by integrating the in-context learning strategy during fine-tuning on generation tasks.
Can Large Language Model Summarizers Adapt to Diverse Scientific Communication Goals? (2024.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Recent work on the evaluation of large language models (LLMs) has shown unprecedented performance on diverse language generation tasks.
Approach: They investigate the controllability of large language models on scientific summarization tasks by controlling stylistic and content coverage factors.
Outcome: The proposed model outperforms humans on the MuP review generation task in terms of similarity to reference summaries and human preferences.

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