| Challenge: | Existing work on text simplification is limited to sentence-level inputs . attempts to iteratively apply these approaches fail to preserve discourse structure of document . |
| Approach: | They propose a simplification plan that labels each sentence in the input document while considering both its context and internal structure. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model outperforms baselines on two simplification benchmarks and when used to guide document-level simplification models. |
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Context-Aware Document Simplification (2023.findings-acl)
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| Challenge: | Recent work on document simplification has focused on sentence-level inputs but fails to preserve the discourse structure. |
| Approach: | They explore various systems that use document context within the simplification process . they investigate the performance and efficiency tradeoffs of system variants . |
| Outcome: | The proposed approach achieves state-of-the-art even when not relying on plan-guidance. |
Controllable Sentence Simplification (2020.lrec-1)
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| Challenge: | Text simplification is often considered an all-purpose generic task where the same simplifications are suitable for all but multiple audiences can benefit from simplified text in different ways. |
| Approach: | They propose a controllable simplification model that provides explicit control on simplification systems based on Sequence-to-Sequence models. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model outperforms standard models on simplification benchmarks. |
Document-Level Text Simplification: Dataset, Criteria and Baseline (2021.emnlp-main)
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| Challenge: | Text simplification is a valuable technique, but research on it is limited. |
| Approach: | They propose a document-level simplification task using Wikipedia dumps as a dataset and propose an automatic evaluation metric called D-SARI. |
| Outcome: | The proposed metric is more suitable for document-level simplification task. |
A Non-Autoregressive Edit-Based Approach to Controllable Text Simplification (2021.findings-acl)
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| Challenge: | Existing models that generate generic simplified outputs for a given source text have been used to specify output properties. |
| Approach: | They propose a non-autoregressive model that iteratively edits an input sequence and incorporates lexical complexity information into the refinement process to generate simplifications that better match the desired output complexity. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model incorporates lexical complexity information into the refinement process to achieve more complex simplification operations such as content deletion and paraphrasing, as well as sentence splitting. |
SIMSUM: Document-level Text Simplification via Simultaneous Summarization (2023.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | Document-level text simplification is a specific type of simplification which involves simplifying documents consisting of several sentences by rewriting them into fewer or more sentences. |
| Approach: | They propose a new two-stage framework SIMSUM for automated document-level text simplification which uses explicit summarization and simplification models and guides the generation using the main keywords of a source text. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model outperforms baseline models on two document-level simplification datasets, namely D-Wikipedia and Wiki-Doc. |
Controllable Sentence Simplification via Operation Classification (2022.findings-naacl)
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| Challenge: | Sentence simplification involves a sentence being transformed into a simpler version of itself while preserving its core meaning. |
| Approach: | They propose a controllable-simplification model that tailors simplifications to four global operations . they propose to use a dataset to train highly accurate classification systems for these operations based on syntactic or discourse structure . |
| Outcome: | The proposed model outperforms both end-to-end and controllable approaches in sentence simplification tasks. |
Adapting Sentence-level Automatic Metrics for Document-level Simplification Evaluation (2025.naacl-long)
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| Challenge: | Existing studies on text simplification have focused on sentence simplification, but these metrics often underperform on longer texts. |
| Approach: | They propose to adapt existing sentence-level metrics for paragraph- or document-level simplification by incorporating a new approach to the evaluation of text simplification metrics. |
| Outcome: | The proposed approach outperforms existing sentence-level metrics in terms of correlation with human judgment and the sensitivity and robustness of various metrics to different types of errors produced by existing systems. |
Controllable Text Simplification with Lexical Constraint Loss (P19-2)
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| Challenge: | Existing models that only consider the sentence level generate words beyond the target level. |
| Approach: | They propose a method to control the level of a sentence in a text simplification task . they add the target grade level as input and weight words in the loss function . |
| Outcome: | The proposed method improves both BLEU and SARI scores and achieves aggressive rewriting. |
Controlling Pre-trained Language Models for Grade-Specific Text Simplification (2023.emnlp-main)
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| Challenge: | Existing approaches to text simplification control output complexity at corpus level disregarding complexity of individual inputs and considering only one level of output complexity. |
| Approach: | They propose a method that predicts edit operations required for a specific grade level . they say this approach improves the quality of the simplified outputs over corpus-level heuristics . |
| Outcome: | The proposed method improves the readability of simplified outputs over corpus-level search-based heuristics. |
Let’s Simplify Step by Step: Guiding LLM Towards Multilingual Unsupervised Proficiency-Controlled Sentence Simplification (2026.findings-eacl)
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| Challenge: | Large language models demonstrate limited capability in proficiency-controlled sentence simplification when simplifying across large readability levels. |
| Approach: | They propose a framework that decomposes complex simplifications into manageable steps through dynamic path planning, semantic-aware exemplar selection, and chain-of-thought generation with conversation history for coherent reasoning. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework reduces computational steps while improving simplification effectiveness on five languages across two benchmarks. |