Challenge: Hate and offensive speech on social media is a global problem that suffers the community especially, for an under-resourced language like Afaan Oromo.
Approach: They develop a model to detect and classify Afaan Oromo hate speech on social media using different machine learning algorithms.
Outcome: The proposed model outperforms existing models in gender, religion, race, and offensive speech on social media.

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So Hateful! Building a Multi-Label Hate Speech Annotated Arabic Dataset (2024.lrec-main)

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Challenge: Social media enables widespread propagation of hate speech targeting groups based on ethnicity, religion, or other characteristics.
Approach: They analyze 70,000 Arabic tweets to identify hate speech patterns and train models . 15% of tweets contain offensive language while 6% have hate speech . authors hope to prevent spread of hateful content on social media platforms .
Outcome: The analysis of 70,000 Arabic tweets shows that 15% of tweets contain offensive language while 6% have hate speech . 10% of tweet provide verifiable factual claims, and 7% are deemed important .
Improving Hate Speech Detection with Deep Learning Ensembles (L18-1)

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Challenge: censorship is a potential risk when addressing these issues with automated text classification methods.
Approach: They propose to use a neural network-based ensemble method to better classify hate speech using a publicly available embedding model and a popular sentiment dataset.
Outcome: The proposed method improves by 5 points on a hate speech corpus from Twitter and a popular sentiment dataset.
Monitoring Hate Speech in Indonesia: An NLP-based Classification of Social Media Texts (2024.emnlp-demo)

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Challenge: a lack of mechanisms to track the spread and severity of hate speech complicates the formulation of effective solutions.
Approach: They have developed a universally robust hate speech classifier tailored for a narrower subset of texts that target vulnerable groups that have historically been the targets of hate speech in Indonesia.
Outcome: The proposed tool has persuaded the General Election Supervisory Body in Indonesia (BAWASLU) to collaborate with the Alliance of Independent Journalists (AJI) to monitor hate speech in vulnerable areas in the country known for hate speech dissemination or hate-related violence in the upcoming Indonesian regional elections.
Hate Speech and Offensive Language Detection in Bengali (2022.aacl-main)

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Challenge: Existing research on hate speech detection in English does not cover low-resource languages like Bengali.
Approach: They develop an annotated dataset of 10K Bengali posts consisting of 5K actual and 5K Romanized Bengali tweets.
Outcome: The proposed model outperforms other models on training actual and romanized datasets by interpreting the semantic expressions better.
Hate-Speech and Offensive Language Detection in Roman Urdu (2020.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Existing research on hate-speech and offensive language detection in social media content is mainly focused on the English language.
Approach: They propose to use an annotated dataset to detect hate-speech and offensive language in social media content . they propose to transfer five existing embedding models to Roman Urdu to test their performance .
Outcome: The proposed model outperforms existing methods on RUHSOLD dataset and train domain-specific embeddings on more than 4.7 million tweets.
Offensive Language and Hate Speech Detection for Danish (2020.lrec-1)

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Challenge: a growing number of social media platforms are detecting and dealing with offensive language . a recent study found that the best performing system for English is best for Danish .
Approach: They propose automatic methods to detect offensive language on social media platforms . they use user-generated comments from various social media sites to find offensive language .
Outcome: The proposed system performs best for both English and Danish language . it achieves a macro averaged F1-score of 0.74 and a best for Danish achieves 0.73 .
Deep One-Class Hate Speech Detection Model (2022.lrec-1)

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Challenge: Existing approaches to hate speech detection neglect distinct attributes of hate speeches from other sentimental types such as “aggressive” and “racist”.
Approach: They propose a one-class model where the detection classifier is trained with hate-class samples only.
Outcome: The proposed model outperforms existing models with four benchmark datasets and shows that it performs better than existing models.
Predicting the Type and Target of Offensive Posts in Social Media (N19-1)

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Challenge: Prior work focused on detecting specific types of offensive content, such as hate speech, cyberbullying, or cyber-aggression.
Approach: They propose to use a dataset to identify offensive content in social media . they compare the performance of different machine learning models to OLID .
Outcome: The proposed dataset contains tweets annotated for offensive content using a fine-grained three-layer annotation scheme.
Finnish Hate-Speech Detection on Social Media Using CNN and FinBERT (2022.lrec-1)

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Challenge: Existing tools to identify hate posts from social media are limited in the field of online hate speech detection.
Approach: They propose to use finBERT to generate a Finnish hate speech dataset . finBERt has a 91.7% accuracy and 90.8% F1 score value, they say .
Outcome: The proposed model outperforms state-of-the-art models in Finnish and other languages.
BD-SHS: A Benchmark Dataset for Learning to Detect Online Bangla Hate Speech in Different Social Contexts (2022.lrec-1)

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Challenge: Social media platforms and online streaming services have spawned a new breed of Hate Speech (HS) due to the massive amount of user-generated content, modern machine learning techniques are feasible and cost-effective to tackle this problem.
Approach: They propose to use a large manually labeled Bangla HS dataset to train generalizable models.
Outcome: The proposed dataset includes more than 50,200 offensive comments crawled from online social networking sites and is at least 60% larger than existing Bangla HS datasets.

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