| Challenge: | UD is a community project that maintains a standard scheme for the annotation of grammar in a cross-lingually consistent manner. |
| Approach: | They propose a Universal Dependencies treebank for Punjabi written in the Gurmukhi script and discuss corpus design and linguistic phenomena encountered in annotation. |
| Outcome: | The proposed treebank covers a variety of genres and has been annotated for POS tags, dependency relations, and graph-based Enhanced Dependencies. |
Similar Papers
Universal Dependencies v2: An Evergrowing Multilingual Treebank Collection (2020.lrec-1)
Copied to clipboard
Joakim Nivre, Marie-Catherine de Marneffe, Filip Ginter, Jan Hajič, Christopher D. Manning, Sampo Pyysalo, Sebastian Schuster, Francis Tyers, Daniel Zeman
| Challenge: | Universal Dependencies is an open community effort to create cross-linguistically consistent treebank annotation for many languages. |
| Approach: | They describe version 2 of the universal guidelines and discuss major changes from UD v1 to UD 2 . they propose a morphological layer, a syntactic layer and a word segmentation layer . |
| Outcome: | The proposed treebanks are available for 90 languages and have been updated to meet the needs of multilingual parsers and researchers. |
Universal Dependencies Version 2 for Japanese (L18-1)
Copied to clipboard
Masayuki Asahara, Hiroshi Kanayama, Takaaki Tanaka, Yusuke Miyao, Sumire Uematsu, Shinsuke Mori, Yuji Matsumoto, Mai Omura, Yugo Murawaki
| Challenge: | UD Japanese resources are built on automatic conversion from several treebanks. |
| Approach: | They propose to port the word delimitation, POS, and syntactic relations of existing treebanks to UD Japanese . they discuss the issues of the UD scheme found through porting of the Japanese language . |
| Outcome: | The proposed UD Japanese resources are based on automatic conversion from treebanks. |
Universal Dependencies for Amharic (L18-1)
Copied to clipboard
| Challenge: | Amharic is a morphologically rich language with a dependency relation between orthographic words and lexical categories. |
| Approach: | They propose to create an Amharic Dependency Treebank by POS tagging, morphological information and dependency relations. |
| Outcome: | The proposed treebanks are based on 1,096 sentences and are able to parse Amharic. |
A Universal Dependencies Treebank of Ancient Hebrew (2022.lrec-1)
Copied to clipboard
| Challenge: | Using a rule-based parser, we construct a treebank with morphological annotations of Ancient Hebrew . the Hebrew Scriptures are a collection of 39 books written in the first millennium BC in Ancient Hebrew. |
| Approach: | They propose to use a Universal Dependencies treebank with morphological annotations of Ancient Hebrew for comparative study with ancient translations and analysis of Hebrew syntax. |
| Outcome: | The proposed treebank can be used in comparative study with ancient translations and analysis of Hebrew syntax. |
The Persian Dependency Treebank Made Universal (2022.lrec-1)
Copied to clipboard
| Challenge: | Existing universal dependency treebanks are lacking sufficient annotated data. |
| Approach: | They propose a method for converting Persian Dependency Treebank to Universal Dependencies using an automatic method. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method is more compatible with Universal Dependencies than the Uppsala Persian Universal Dependency Treebank. |
Building Universal Dependency Treebanks in Korean (L18-1)
Copied to clipboard
| Challenge: | Several treebanks were introduced for Korean, all of which comprised annotation of morphemes and phrase structure trees, each following its own set of guidelines. |
| Approach: | They propose to use Korean treebanks as dependency trees and to analyze their performance using morpheme-level annotations. |
| Outcome: | The Korean portion of the Google UD Treebank, the Penn Korean Treebank and the KAIST Treebank are re-tokenized and assessed for errors. |
MaiBaam: A Multi-Dialectal Bavarian Universal Dependency Treebank (2024.lrec-main)
Copied to clipboard
| Challenge: | Despite the success of the Universal Dependencies (UD) project, there is still a lack of diversity within high-resource languages and their closely related non-standard languages and dialects. |
| Approach: | They propose to annotate Bavarian with part-of-speech and syntactic dependency information manually in UD and to highlight morphosyntactical differences between the closely related languages. |
| Outcome: | The proposed treebank covers multiple genres including wiki, fiction, grammar examples, social, non-fiction and Bavarian. |
Development of a Multilingual CCG Treebank via Universal Dependencies Conversion (2022.lrec-1)
Copied to clipboard
| Challenge: | Combinatory Categorial Grammar (CCG) is a lexicalized grammar formalism that can capture both syntactic and semantic information. |
| Approach: | They propose an algorithm to convert UD treebanks to CCG treebank and propose future extensions. |
| Outcome: | The proposed algorithm performs lexical, sentential, and syntactic rule coverage analysis, as well as CCG parsing experiments. |
Treebanking User-Generated Content: A Proposal for a Unified Representation in Universal Dependencies (2020.lrec-1)
Copied to clipboard
Manuela Sanguinetti, Cristina Bosco, Lauren Cassidy, Özlem Çetinoğlu, Alessandra Teresa Cignarella, Teresa Lynn, Ines Rehbein, Josef Ruppenhofer, Djamé Seddah, Amir Zeldes
| Challenge: | Despite the increasing number of contributions on Part-of-Speech tagging and parsing, automatic processing of user-generated content (UGC) still represents a challenging task. |
| Approach: | They propose a set of guidelines for the annotation of user-generated texts within the Universal Dependencies framework. |
| Outcome: | The proposed annotation guidelines promote cross-linguistic consistency, which has always been in the spirit of UD. |
Universal Dependencies: Extensions for Modern and Historical German (2024.lrec-main)
Copied to clipboard
| Challenge: | a new UD treebank is being developed for Middle High German annotations . the annotation scheme is inconsistent with other treebanks for this period . |
| Approach: | They propose to extend the UD scheme for modern and historical German by a range of tokens . they propose to use a treebank that is the first UD treebank for Middle High German . |
| Outcome: | The proposed extensions relate in part to differences between arguments and modifiers . the proposed treebank is the first UD treebank for Middle High German . |