Challenge: a natural language generation system can be used to create text at the end of a passage . fill in the blank (FITB) is a task of inserting text into a specified position in a text .
Approach: They evaluate the feasibility of using a single model to perform both tasks . they show that models pre-trained with a FitB-style objective are capable of both tasks.
Outcome: The proposed model can perform both fill in the blank and continuation tasks.

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Enabling Language Models to Fill in the Blanks (2020.acl-main)

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Challenge: Infilling is the task of predicting missing spans of text at any position in a document.
Approach: They propose a framework which can be used to infill entire sentences . they train off-the-shelf LMs on sequences containing concatenation of masked text .
Outcome: The proposed approach can infill entire sentences on short stories, scientific abstracts, and lyrics.
Blank Language Models (2020.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Existing approaches focus on adapting left-to-right language models for text infilling.
Approach: They propose a model that generates sequences by dynamically creating and filling in blanks.
Outcome: Experiments on style transfer and damaged ancient text restoration show that the proposed model outperforms baseline models in terms of accuracy and fluency.
The Importance of Generation Order in Language Modeling (D18-1)

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Challenge: Neural language models are universally autoregressive, generating sentences one token at a time from left to right.
Approach: They propose a two-pass language model that generates partially-filled sentences and fills in missing tokens.
Outcome: The proposed model produces partially-filled sentences and fills in missing tokens.
Sentence-Level Content Planning and Style Specification for Neural Text Generation (D19-1)

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Challenge: Recent advances in text generation systems often produce incoherent and unfaithful outputs . a novel automated text generation system takes into account content selection, text planning, and surface realization.
Approach: They propose an end-to-end trained two-step text generation model that considers sentence-level content planners and language styles.
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Bridging Subword Gaps in Pretrain-Finetune Paradigm for Natural Language Generation (2021.acl-long)

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Challenge: Existing methods to pretrain language models are limited by one-size-fits-all vocabulary . embeddings of mismatch tokens can be efficiently initialized in downstream tasks .
Approach: They propose to extend pretrain-finetune pipeline with an embedding transfer step . plug-and-play embeddable generator is introduced to generate any input token .
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Teaching the Pre-trained Model to Generate Simple Texts for Text Simplification (2023.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Existing strategies to teach pre-trained models to generate simple texts are inadequate.
Approach: They propose a continued pre-training strategy to teach pre-trained models to generate simple texts by randomly masking text spans in ordinary texts.
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MOCHA: A Multi-Task Training Approach for Coherent Text Generation from Cognitive Perspective (2022.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Recent pre-trained language models have produced impressive results, but there is still a gap between human written texts and machine-generated outputs.
Approach: They propose a multi-task training strategy for long text generation grounded on the cognitive theory of writing.
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Addressing the Training-Inference Discrepancy in Discrete Diffusion for Text Generation (2025.coling-main)

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Challenge: Existing discrete diffusion models for text generation have a discrepancy between training and inference.
Approach: They propose a training schema that considers two-step diffusion processes and a scheduling technique that gradually increases the probability of using self-generated text as training progresses.
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Towards Faithful Neural Table-to-Text Generation with Content-Matching Constraints (2020.acl-main)

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Challenge: Existing methods for text generation ignore faithfulness between generated text and table . current methods ignore faithfulity, leading to generated information that goes beyond table content .
Approach: They propose a Transformer-based generation framework to enforce faithfulness between generated text and table . they propose metric to evaluate faithfulness and automatic metric for automatic generating .
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Leveraging Context Information for Natural Question Generation (N18-2)

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Challenge: Existing work for natural question generation ignores the input passage or hard-codes answer positions.
Approach: They propose a model that matches the answer with the passage before generating a question.
Outcome: The proposed model outperforms the state-of-the-art model using rich features.

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