Challenge: Conventional supervised methods cannot generalize to event types out of the pre-defined ontology.
Approach: They propose to use two separate transformer models to model the definition semantics of an event type name into the same embedding space and then minimize their embeddable distance via contrastive learning.
Outcome: The proposed model outperforms all previous zero-shot EE methods with fast inference speed due to the disjoint design.

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Improving Event Definition Following For Zero-Shot Event Detection (2024.acl-long)

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Challenge: Existing approaches on zero-shot event detection train models on datasets annotated with known event types and prompt them with unseen event definitions.
Approach: They propose to train models to better follow event definitions by using an automatic generated Diverse Event Definition dataset.
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Zero-Shot Transfer Learning for Event Extraction (P18-1)

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Challenge: Existing supervised event extraction methods rely on manual annotations and features specific to each event type.
Approach: They propose a framework that maps event mentions to a specific type in an event ontology . they use existing annotations to extract event types from unstructured text data .
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Zero-shot Label-Aware Event Trigger and Argument Classification (2021.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Existing work on event extraction relies on labor-intensive annotation, ignoring semantic meaning of event types' labels.
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Evaluating Zero-Shot Event Structures: Recommendations for Automatic Content Extraction (ACE) Annotations (2023.acl-short)

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Challenge: Zero-shot event extraction (EE) methods infer richly structured event records from unstructured text data, based on a user-supplied natural language specification and no training examples.
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AlignRE: An Encoding and Semantic Alignment Approach for Zero-Shot Relation Extraction (2024.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Existing prototype-based methods for ZSRE ignore abundant side information and suffer from a significant encoding gap between prototypes and sentences.
Approach: They propose a framework to encode schema alignment to enhance prototype-based ZSRE methods.
Outcome: The proposed method outperforms existing methods on FewRel and Wiki-ZSL datasets and exhibits substantially faster performance and reduces the need for extensive manual labor in prototype construction.
Zero-Shot Event Detection Based on Ordered Contrastive Learning and Prompt-Based Prediction (2022.findings-naacl)

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Challenge: Existing zero-shot event detection methods do not work for unseen types . supervised methods require predefined event types or external tools .
Approach: They propose a framework to detect events from unstructured text without annotating samples . they propose to use ordered contrastive learning and prompt-based prediction to identify trigger words .
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Zero-shot Event Extraction via Transfer Learning: Challenges and Insights (2021.acl-short)

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Challenge: Existing methods for event extraction require expensive annotation and are not extensible to new event ontologies.
Approach: They propose to use textual entailment and/or question answering queries to extract a zero-shot event from a set of TE and/ or QA queries.
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Reasoning-Oriented and Analogy-Based Methods for Locating and Editing in Zero-Shot Event-Relational Reasoning (2025.coling-main)

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Challenge: Existing methods for zero-shot event-relational reasoning require large computational resources and lack interpretability.
Approach: They propose a method for Reasoning-Oriented Locating and Editing which locates and edits key modules of the language model for reasoning about event relations.
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Textual Entailment for Event Argument Extraction: Zero- and Few-Shot with Multi-Source Learning (2022.findings-naacl)

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Challenge: Recent work shows that Relation Extraction tasks can be recasted as Textual Entailment tasks using verbalizations.
Approach: They propose to recasted RE tasks as Textual Entailment tasks using verbalizations . they show that entailment reduces the need for manual annotation to 50% and 20% .
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Revisiting Sparse Retrieval for Few-shot Entity Linking (2023.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Entity linking (EL) aims to link ambiguous mentions to their corresponding entities in a knowledge base.
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