Challenge: Recent research on question generation has achieved great success, but some question types and answers did not match.
Approach: They construct a question type classifier and a query generator to solve the problem of question types not matching with other questions.
Outcome: The proposed model improves the accuracy of interrogative words in generated questions.

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Question-type Driven Question Generation (D19-1)

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Challenge: Existing work suffers from mismatching between question type and answer . existing work fails to generate questions with type how while answer is personal name .
Approach: They propose to automatically predict the question type based on the input answer and context.
Outcome: The proposed model improves on both SQuAD and MARCO datasets and improves accuracy on the input answer and context.
Let Me Know What to Ask: Interrogative-Word-Aware Question Generation (D19-58)

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Challenge: Existing models focus on generating questions based on text and the answer to the generated question.
Approach: They propose a pipelined system that predicts the type of interrogative word to be generated . they also propose qg models that can be used to generate questions based on text .
Outcome: The proposed system improves on the task of QG in SQuAD, improving from 46.58 to 47.69 in BLEU-1, 17.55 to 18.53 in blu-4, 21.24 to 22.33 in METEOR, and 44.53 to 46.94 in ROUGE-L.
Syn-QG: Syntactic and Shallow Semantic Rules for Question Generation (2020.acl-main)

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Challenge: Question Generation is a simple syntactic transformation but many aspects of semantics influence what questions are good to form.
Approach: They propose a set of syntactic rules which transform declarative sentences into question-answer pairs.
Outcome: The proposed system generates a larger number of highly grammatical and relevant questions than existing QG systems.
A Practical Toolkit for Multilingual Question and Answer Generation (2023.acl-demo)

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Challenge: Generating questions and answers from text is a challenging task due to the expected structured output.
Approach: They propose an online service for multilingual QAG along with a python package for model fine-tuning, generation, and evaluation.
Outcome: The proposed model is available in eight languages and can be used online or locally via lmqg.
Question Generation for Adaptive Education (2021.acl-short)

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Challenge: Existing systems depend on a pool of hand-made questions, limiting how fine-grained and open-ended they can be in adapting to individual students.
Approach: They propose to fine-tune pre-trained language models for deep knowledge tracing to generate reversetranslation questions conditioned on the student and target difficulty.
Outcome: The proposed model can generate well-calibrated language translation questions for second language learners from a real online education platform.
MixQG: Neural Question Generation with Mixed Answer Types (2022.findings-naacl)

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Challenge: Existing neural question generation approaches focus on short factoid type of answers.
Approach: They propose a neural question generator that trains a single generative model by combining multiple question types with different answer types.
Outcome: The proposed model outperforms existing models in both seen and unseen domains and can generate questions with different cognitive levels when conditioned on different answer types.
Improving Unsupervised Question Answering via Summarization-Informed Question Generation (2021.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Question Generation (QG) is the production of meaningful questions given a set of input passages and corresponding answers.
Approach: They propose a method which uses questions generated heuristically from news summaries as a source of training data for a QG system.
Outcome: The proposed method outperforms previous unsupervised models on three in-domain datasets and three out-of-domain ones.
Evaluation of Question Answer Generation for Portuguese: Insights and Datasets (2024.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Automatic question generation is an increasingly important task that can be applied in educational settings, data augmentation for question-answering (QA), and conversational systems.
Approach: They adapt and apply QAG approaches to generate question-answer pairs given context and look into strategies for error filtering and their effects.
Outcome: The proposed methods can generate question-answer pairs in Portuguese, a widely spoken language that is underrepresented in natural language processing research.
Learning to Generate Question by Asking Question: A Primal-Dual Approach with Uncommon Word Generation (2022.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Existing automatic question generation methods focus on encoding passage and answer to generate question.
Approach: They propose an automatic question generation approach which integrates question generation with its dual problem, question answering, into a unified primal-dual framework.
Outcome: The proposed approach outperforms existing methods on SQuAD and HotpotQA benchmarks.
Automatic Question Generation using Relative Pronouns and Adverbs (P18-3)

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Challenge: Automatic Question Generation is a system that generates multiple, natural language questions using relative pronouns and relative adverbs from complex English sentences.
Approach: They propose a system that automatically generates multiple, natural language questions using relative pronouns and relative adverbs from complex English sentences.
Outcome: The proposed system generates multiple, natural language questions using relative pronouns and relative adverbs from complex English sentences.

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