Challenge: Existing domain-specific pre-trained language models (PLMs) rely on self-supervised learning over large amounts of domain text, without explicitly integrating domain- specific knowledge.
Approach: They propose to integrate domain knowledge from diverse sources into PLMs by using adapters that are pre-trained for individual domain knowledge sources and integrated via an attention-based knowledge controller.
Outcome: The proposed architecture integrates domain knowledge from diverse sources into PLMs in a parameter-efficient way.

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Challenge: Pre-trained language models demonstrate excellent abilities to understand texts in the generic domain while struggling in a specific domain.
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Challenge: Existing studies have focused on probing LMs in the general domain but little attention has been given to whether they can be used as domain knowledge bases.
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