Caption Enriched Samples for Improving Hateful Memes Detection (2021.emnlp-main)
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| Challenge: | Existing methods for classifying memes are difficult to perform, with human accuracy only about 85% . recent state-of-the-art models perform considerably less accurately, achieving up to 64.73% accuracy. |
| Approach: | They propose to use an off-the-shelf caption generator to capture the first image and overlayed text. |
| Outcome: | The proposed tool improves classification accuracy for unimodal and multimodal models . the proposed tool can be used to model the contrast between image content and overlayed text . |
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| Challenge: | Empirical experiments show HateSieve surpasses existing LMMs in performance with fewer trainable parameters . |
| Approach: | They propose a framework to enhance detection and segmentation of hateful elements in memes by creating a triplet dataset and an Image-Text Alignment module. |
| Outcome: | HateSieve features a new framework that creates semantically correlated memes and generates contextual embeddings for accurate meme segmentation. |
Improving Hateful Meme Detection through Retrieval-Guided Contrastive Learning (2024.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | Existing systems for detecting hateful memes lack sensitivity to subtle differences in memes that are vital for correct hatefulness classification. |
| Approach: | They propose to construct a hatefulness-aware embedding space through retrieval-guided contrastive training to identify hatefulness based on data unseen in training. |
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Robust Adaptation of Large Multimodal Models for Retrieval Augmented Hateful Meme Detection (2025.emnlp-main)
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| Challenge: | Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) have shown promise in hateful meme detection, but they face limitations like sub-optimal performance and limited out-of-domain generalization capabilities. |
| Approach: | They propose a robust adaptation framework for hateful meme detection that enhances in-domain accuracy and cross-domain generalization while preserving the general vision-language capabilities of LMMs. |
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Text or Image? What is More Important in Cross-Domain Generalization Capabilities of Hate Meme Detection Models? (2024.findings-eacl)
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| Challenge: | Existing studies show that only the textual component of hateful memes enables the multimodal classifier to generalize across domains while the image component proves highly sensitive to a specific training dataset. |
| Approach: | They propose to use only the textual component of hateful memes to generalize across different domains while the image component is highly sensitive to a specific training dataset. |
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Deciphering Hate: Identifying Hateful Memes and Their Targets (2024.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | a growing body of research has focused on the negative aspects of memes in high-resource languages like Bengali . a new dataset for Bengali hateful memes is designed to detect their targeted entities . |
| Approach: | They propose a multimodal dataset that analyzes the modality of memes and compares them with other datasets. |
| Outcome: | The proposed dataset outperforms state-of-the-art datasets on Bengali hateful memes . the proposed dataset is generalizable on other low-resource hateful memes datasets compared with baselines based on the proposed model . |
MUTE: A Multimodal Dataset for Detecting Hateful Memes (2022.aacl-srw)
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| Challenge: | social media has enabled information propagation at unprecedented rate, but also generated malign content, such as hateful memes . a multimodal hate speech dataset is used to study the impact of hateful content on society . current studies focus on monolingual memes, but existing models cannot provide accurate inferences based on code-mixed captions a study on Bengali memes shows that joint evaluation of visual and textual features significantly improves the hateful data classification . |
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Deciphering Implicit Hate: Evaluating Automated Detection Algorithms for Multimodal Hate (2021.findings-acl)
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| Challenge: | Imlicit hate content has unusual syntax, polysemic words, and fewer markers of prejudice, e.g., slurs . multimodal content is harder to detect than unimodal content, such as memes . |
| Approach: | They evaluate the role of semantic and multimodal context for detecting implicit and explicit hate . they find that all models perform better on content with full annotator agreement . |
| Outcome: | The proposed model outperforms other models on implicit and explicit hate detection tasks because of its lower propensity towards false positives. |
MemeInterpret: Towards an All-in-One Dataset for Meme Understanding (2025.findings-emnlp)
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Jeongsik Park, Khoi P. N. Nguyen, Jihyung Park, Minseok Kim, Jaeheon Lee, Jae Won Choi, Kalyani Ganta, Phalgun Ashrit Kasu, Rohan Sarakinti, Sanjana Vipperla, Sai Sathanapalli, Nishan Vaghani, Vincent Ng
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| Approach: | a new meme corpus is built upon the Facebook Hateful Memes dataset . it contains meme captions, corresponding surface messages and relevant background knowledge . |
| Outcome: | a new corpus of meme captions and surface messages unifies three major categories of CMU tasks for the first time. |
Meme-ingful Analysis: Enhanced Understanding of Cyberbullying in Memes Through Multimodal Explanations (2024.eacl-long)
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| Challenge: | Recent laws like “right to explanations” have spurred research in developing interpretable models . a recent study has shown that multimodal explanations improve performance in generating textual justifications . |
| Approach: | They propose to use visual and textual modalities to explain why a given meme is cyberbullying . they use a Contrastive Language-Image Pretraining approach to generate textual justifications . |
| Outcome: | The proposed model improves performance in visual and textual explanations and identifies the visual evidence supporting a decision. |
Beneath the Surface: Unveiling Harmful Memes with Multimodal Reasoning Distilled from Large Language Models (2023.findings-emnlp)
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| Challenge: | Existing methods for harmful meme detection ignore in-depth cognition of meme text and image . authors propose a framework for learning reasonable thoughts from LLMs for better multimodal fusion . |
| Approach: | They propose to use large language models to learn reasonable thoughts from LLMs for better multimodal fusion and lightweight fine-tuning. |
| Outcome: | The proposed approach achieves superior performance than state-of-the-art methods on the harmful meme detection task. |