Challenge: Existing approaches to solve domain shifts in NLP tasks require additional pre-training . current approaches focus on the downstream corpus when it is small, but are not effective .
Approach: They propose a task-adapted pre-training framework that can be used when the downstream corpus is too small for additional pre-tuning.
Outcome: The proposed framework outperforms baseline methods on biomedical, computer science, news, and movie reviews tasks.

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Challenge: Language models prerained on text from a wide variety of sources form the foundation of today’s NLP.
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Challenge: Pre-trained transformer-based language models are limited in their expressiveness and domain knowledge.
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Challenge: Pre-trained language models acquire domain-independent knowledge through pre-training with massive textual resources.
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Taming Pre-trained Language Models with N-gram Representations for Low-Resource Domain Adaptation (2021.acl-long)

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Challenge: Existing methods to train pre-trained models require domain-specific data and computational resources.
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Towards Simple and Efficient Task-Adaptive Pre-training for Text Classification (2022.aacl-short)

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Challenge: Large-scale pre-trained language models are extensively trained on massive heterogeneous datasets, known as pre-training datasets.
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Adapt-and-Distill: Developing Small, Fast and Effective Pretrained Language Models for Domains (2021.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Large pre-trained models suffer from domain shift and are not optimal for specific domains.
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Challenge: Existing approaches to transfer learning with pretrained transformer-based language models are not robust and can be adversarial.
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