Challenge: Existing methods to train neural machine translation models are data-hungry and low-resource . et al., 2018; Radford e.t., 2019; Yang ee.,2019) proposes a new pre-training method for NMT .
Approach: They propose a new pre-training method which randomly replaces some words in the input sentence with their translation words in target language.
Outcome: The proposed method improves on unsupervised and supervised NMT models by making full use of monolingual corpora.

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Exploring Enhanced Code-Switched Noising for Pretraining in Neural Machine Translation (2023.findings-eacl)

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Challenge: Multilingual pretraining approaches to denoise synthetic code-switched data have shown that they generate the noise using non-contextual, one-to-one word translations obtained from lexicons.
Approach: They propose an approach where contextual, many-to-many word translations are generated using a ‘base’ NMT model.
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Code-Switching with Word Senses for Pretraining in Neural Machine Translation (2023.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Lexical ambiguity is a significant and pervasive challenge in Neural Machine Translation (NMT) many state-of-the-art (SOTA) NMT systems struggle to handle polysemous words .
Approach: They propose an end-to-end approach for pretraining multilingual NMT models leveraging word sense-specific information from Knowledge Bases.
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Code-Switching for Enhancing NMT with Pre-Specified Translation (N19-1)

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Challenge: Existing methods to constrain NMT use placeholder tags for lexicon words and hard constraints during decoding.
Approach: They propose to use placeholder tags to replace lexicon words with target translations . they use a data augmentation method to make code-switched training data .
Outcome: The proposed method improves translation quality without hurting unconstrained words.
Universal Conditional Masked Language Pre-training for Neural Machine Translation (2022.acl-long)

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Challenge: Pre-trained sequence-to-sequence models have significantly improved Neural Machine Translation (NMT) this paper demonstrates that pre-training a sequence- to-squence model with a bidirectional decoder can produce notable performance gains for both Autoregressive and Non-autoregressive NMT tasks.
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Pre-training Methods for Neural Machine Translation (2021.acl-tutorials)

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Challenge: This tutorial provides a comprehensive guide to make the most of pre-training for neural machine translation.
Approach: This tutorial provides a comprehensive guide to make the most of pre-training for neural machine translation.
Outcome: This tutorial explains how to make the most of pre-training for neural machine translation.
Switch Point biased Self-Training: Re-purposing Pretrained Models for Code-Switching (2021.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Code-switching (CS) is a phenomenon of switching between multiple languages . current models cannot handle CS due to lack of annotated data and limited resources.
Approach: They propose a self-training method to repurpose existing models using a switch-point bias by leveraging unannotated data to reduce the gap between the switch point performance and retain overall performance on two distinct language pairs.
Outcome: The proposed model reduces the gap between the switch point performance while retaining the overall performance on two distinct language pairs.
When and Why Are Pre-Trained Word Embeddings Useful for Neural Machine Translation? (N18-2)

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Challenge: Pre-trained word embeddings have proven to be invaluable for improving performance in natural language analysis tasks where large-scale parallel corpora cannot be obtained.
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Pivot-based Transfer Learning for Neural Machine Translation between Non-English Languages (D19-1)

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Challenge: Using parallel corpora, we train a single, direct NMT model for non-English language pairs.
Approach: They propose three ways to increase the relation among source, pivot, and target languages in pre-training . they use additional adapter component to smoothly connect pre-trained encoder and decoder .
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Encoder and Decoder, Not One Less for Pre-trained Language Model Sponsored NMT (2023.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Existing methods for neural machine translation (NMT) use encoder-only enhancement or rely on specific multilingual PLMs.
Approach: They propose a monolingual PLM-sponsored NMT model that lets both encoder and decoder enjoy PLM enhancement.
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Effectively pretraining a speech translation decoder with Machine Translation data (2020.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Existing approaches to improve the performance of AST systems are based on pretraining the encoder parameters using an ASR model, but using a pretrained MT decoder is not beneficial or improves the results.
Approach: They propose to use an adversarial regularizer to bring the encoder representations of the ASR and NMT tasks closer even though they are in different modalities.
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