| Challenge: | Existing categorical bin assignments for NLI are not effective for entailment inference. |
| Approach: | They propose a refinement of Natural Language Inference that targets direct prediction of subjective probability assessments. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model can be used in pre-training and correlates well with humans. |
Similar Papers
Annotation Artifacts in Natural Language Inference Data (N18-2)
Copied to clipboard
| Challenge: | Large-scale datasets for natural language inference are created by crowdsourcing annotations . authors show that success of natural language models to date has been overestimated . |
| Approach: | They propose a method for crowdsourcing annotations to generate 3 new sentences based on a sentence (premise) they show that a simple text categorization model can correctly classify the hypothesis alone in about 67% of SNLI and 53% of MultiNLI . |
| Outcome: | The proposed model can classify the hypothesis alone in 67% of SNLI and 53% of MultiNLI datasets. |
Embracing Ambiguity: Shifting the Training Target of NLI Models (2021.acl-short)
Copied to clipboard
| Challenge: | Previously, it was common to disregard ambiguity as noise or as a sign of poor quality data. |
| Approach: | They propose to train on the estimated label distribution of annotators in a NLI task . they use a learning loss based on this ambiguity distribution instead of gold-labels . |
| Outcome: | The proposed training method reduces divergence scores on a trial dataset . the study shows that targeting the ambiguity distribution can improve performance . |
Capture Human Disagreement Distributions by Calibrated Networks for Natural Language Inference (2022.findings-acl)
Copied to clipboard
| Challenge: | Previously, it's common to disregard it as noise or as a sign of poor-quality data, as their annotations are heavily based on personal experience and opinions. |
| Approach: | They propose to capture the human disagreement distribution from the perspective of model calibration. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model can achieve competitive performance when well-calibrated, on divergence scores between predictive probability and the true human opinion distribution, and the accuracy. |
OCNLI: Original Chinese Natural Language Inference (2020.findings-emnlp)
Copied to clipboard
| Challenge: | Recent efforts to extend natural language understanding to other languages have focused on (automatically) translating existing English datasets. |
| Approach: | They propose to use a Chinese dataset to generate annotated sentences from native speakers specializing in linguistics to elicit annotations. |
| Outcome: | The proposed dataset does not rely on automatic translation or non-expert annotation. instead, it elicits annotations from native speakers specializing in linguistics. |
Evaluating BERT for natural language inference: A case study on the CommitmentBank (D19-1)
Copied to clipboard
| Challenge: | Natural language inference datasets can identify premise-hypothesis relationship without observing premise . recasting of the CommitmentBank for NLI creates hypotheses that stand in entailment/contradiction/neutral relationship with premise. |
| Approach: | They propose to recast the CommitmentBank for NLI to stand in certain relationships with the premise . hypotheses are complements of clause-embedding verbs in each premise, rethinking the CommittedBank . |
| Outcome: | The proposed model performs well on the CommitmentBank with 85% F1 . however, the model does not capture the full complexity of pragmatic reasoning, authors say . |
Lost in Inference: Rediscovering the Role of Natural Language Inference for Large Language Models (2025.naacl-long)
Copied to clipboard
| Challenge: | In the recent past, a popular way of evaluating natural language understanding was to consider a model’s ability to perform natural language inference (NLI) tasks. |
| Approach: | They focus on five different NLI benchmarks across six models of different scales and examine how their accuracies develop during training. |
| Outcome: | The softmax distributions of models align with human label distributions in cases where statements are ambiguous or vague. |
Entailed Between the Lines: Incorporating Implication into NLI (2025.acl-long)
Copied to clipboard
Shreya Havaldar, Hamidreza Alvari, John Palowitch, Mohammad Javad Hosseini, Senaka Buthpitiya, Alex Fabrikant
| Challenge: | True Emotions, social cues, insults, and a myriad of other messages are conveyed implicitly, often even more so than explicitly. |
| Approach: | They propose a dataset to help LLMs understand implied entailment . |
| Outcome: | The proposed dataset enables LLMs to understand implied entailment and can generalize this understanding across datasets and domains. |
Don’t Take the Premise for Granted: Mitigating Artifacts in Natural Language Inference (P19-1)
Copied to clipboard
| Challenge: | Natural Language Inference (NLI) datasets often contain hypothesis-only biases . authors propose probabilistic methods to build models that are more robust to such artifacts - a new study shows . |
| Approach: | They propose probabilistic methods to build models that are more robust to biases . authors train on datasets containing biase . |
| Outcome: | The proposed methods can make NLI models more robust to dataset-specific artifacts . the methods transfer better than a baseline architecture in 9 out of 12 NLI datasets compared with baseline architectures based on the proposed methods . |
Identifying inherent disagreement in natural language inference (2021.naacl-main)
Copied to clipboard
| Challenge: | Natural language inference is the task of determining whether text is entailed, contradicted or unrelated to another piece of text. |
| Approach: | They propose to tease systematic inferences from disagreement items by capturing modes in annotations to simulate uncertainty in the annotation process. |
| Outcome: | The proposed approach performs statistically better than baselines on the CommitmentBank corpus in English. |
Boosting Cross-Lingual Transfer via Self-Learning with Uncertainty Estimation (2021.emnlp-main)
Copied to clipboard
| Challenge: | Recent pre-trained language models have achieved remarkable zero-shot performance . we propose a self-learning framework that utilizes unlabeled data of target languages . |
| Approach: | They propose a self-learning framework that utilizes unlabeled data of target languages to select silver labels for cross-lingual transfer tasks. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework outperforms baseline models on two cross-lingual tasks by 10 F1 on average and 2.5 accuracy on natural language inference (NLI). |